ABSTRACT
Glycogen synthase (GS) catalyzes the transfer of glucose residues from UDP-glucose to a glycogen polymer chain, a critical step for glucose storage. Patients with type 2 diabetes normally exhibit low glycogen levels and decreased muscle glucose uptake is the major defect in whole body glucose disposal. Therefore, activating GS may provide a potential approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In order to identify non-carboxylic acids GS activators, we designed and synthesized a series of 2-N-alkyl- and 2-N-aryl-indazolone derivatives and studied their activity in activating human GS.
Subject(s)
Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Glycogen Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Indazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Glycogen Synthase/metabolism , Indazoles/administration & dosage , Indazoles/chemical synthesis , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
High throughput screening of the Roche compound collection led to the identification of diaminopyrroloquinazoline series as a novel class of PTP1B inhibitors. Structural modification of diaminopyrroloquinazoline series resulted in pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine series which was further optimized to give compounds 5 and 24 as potent, selective (except T-cell phosphatase) PTP1B inhibitors with good mouse PK properties.
Subject(s)
Diamines/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Animals , Diamines/chemical synthesis , Diamines/chemistry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Structure , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1/metabolism , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family, a unique class of oncogenic phosphatases, consists of three members: PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3. Aberrant overexpression of PRL-3 has been found in multiple solid tumor types. Ectopic expression of PRLs in cells induces transformation, increases mobility and invasiveness, and forms experimental metastases in mice. We have now shown that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion of PRL expression in cancer cells results in the down-regulation of p130Cas phosphorylation and expression and prevents tumor cell anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. We have also identified a small molecule, 7-amino-2-phenyl-5H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (thienopyridone), which potently and selectively inhibits all three PRLs but not other phosphatases in vitro. The thienopyridone showed significant inhibition of tumor cell anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, induction of the p130Cas cleavage, and anoikis, a type of apoptosis that can be induced by anticancer agents via disruption of cell-matrix interaction. Unlike etoposide, thienopyridone-induced p130Cas cleavage and apoptosis were not associated with increased levels of p53 and phospho-p53 (Ser(15)), a hallmark of genotoxic drug-induced p53 pathway activation. This is the first report of a potent selective PRL inhibitor that suppresses tumor cell three-dimensional growth by a novel mechanism involving p130Cas cleavage. This study reveals a new insight into the role of PRL-3 in priming tumor progression and shows that PRL may represent an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Subject(s)
Crk-Associated Substrate Protein/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Anoikis/drug effects , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Cell Adhesion/physiology , Cell Growth Processes/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Endothelial Cells/drug effects , HT29 Cells , HeLa Cells , Humans , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics , Pyridines/pharmacology , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
A novel series of orally active pyrimido[5,4-3][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-diamine-based hypoglycemic agents have been identified. These compounds show non-selective inhibitory properties against a panel of protein tyrosine phosphatases including PTP1B. Compounds 12 and 13 display oral glucose lowering effects in ob/ob mice.
