Subject(s)
Bird Diseases/epidemiology , Culicidae/virology , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Insect Vectors/virology , West Nile Fever/veterinary , Age Factors , Alberta/epidemiology , Animals , Birds , Female , Horses , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Seasons , West Nile Fever/epidemiology , West Nile virus/immunologyABSTRACT
Fifty dairy herds in Alberta were tested for the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by fecal culture and serum enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Individual sera (1500) were tested for antibodies to M. paratuberculosis by ELISA. Fecal samples were combined in pools of 3 (10 pools/herd) for a total of 500 pools that were cultured for M. paratuberculosis. Thirty cultures, including all 10 pools from 1 herd, were not readable due to fungal contamination. The remaining 470 cultures, representing 49 herds, yielded 16 positive pools (3.4% +/- 2.1%) from 10 herds (20.4% +/- 11.3%). The ELISA of each of the 1500 sera detected 105 (7.0% +/- 2.4%) positive sera and 20 (40.0% +/- 13.6%) positive herds, based on 2 or more individual positive sera in the herd. The true herd-level prevalence, as determined by ELISA, was 26.8% +/- 9.6%. The true herd-level prevalence, as determined by M. paratuberculosis fecal culture, ranged from 27.6% +/- 6.5% to 57.1% +/- 8.3%, depending on whether 1, 2, or all 3 individual fecal samples in the positive fecal pool were culture positive.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Paratuberculosis/epidemiology , Alberta/epidemiology , Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Bacteriological Techniques/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Feces/microbiology , Female , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/immunology , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolation & purification , Paratuberculosis/diagnosis , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Breeder cows, cattle recently arrived at feedlots, and cattle about to be shipped for slaughter were tested for Salmonella spp. No Salmonella spp. were detected in fecal samples from breeding cows. Nineteen of 1,000 (1.9%) fecal samples from recently arrived feedlot cattle were positive for Salmonella spp. compared to only 2 of 1,000 (0.2%) fecal samples taken within 2 weeks of slaughter. The positive fecal samples were collected in 5 of 50 (10%) "recent arrival" pens tested and in 1 of 50 (2%) pens tested within 2 weeks of slaughter. The serotypes isolated were Salmonella Agona, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:-. Ground beef samples purchased from retail outlets throughout Alberta were processed for Salmonella spp. Thirteen of 1,002 (1.3%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. The serotypes isolated from ground beef were Salmonella Anatum, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Montevideo, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen, and Salmonella Rough-O:i:1,2. The antibiotic resistance and pulsed-field electrophoresis gel macrorestriction patterns of all isolates were compared.
