ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess pulmonary outcomes of infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA), delivered at level I, II and III facilities, to identify potentially modifiable factors affecting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and to assess the external generalizability of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) BPD Outcome Estimator. STUDY DESIGN: Outcomes for infants <29 weeks GA born during (2008-2010) and delivered either at an inborn level III center or in a level II or III metropolitan area hospital with transfer to a level IV center, or delivered in a distant level I or II center and then transported to a level IV center were assessed. BPD severity was compared with the NICHD Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator. RESULT: Of 158 infants who comprised the cohort, 28 (17.8%) had no BPD, 39 (24.2%) had mild BPD, 45 (28.7%) had moderate BPD, 31 (19.7%) had severe BPD and 15 (9.6%) died at ≤36 weeks post menstrual age. Site of birth did not predict severe BPD or death. Receiver operator characteristic curves showed fair predictability for none/mild and severe BPD. CONCLUSION: BPD severity was not dependent on site of birth. The NICHD BPD outcome estimator provides fair prediction for extreme outcomes.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology , Infant, Extremely Premature , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/classification , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/mortality , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Male , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of birth defects and childhood disorders in the United States. Retinitis occurs in 25% of infants with severely symptomatic congenital CMV and in â¼1% of asymptomatic infants. Intravitreal ganciclovir is recommended in adults with CMV retinitis (CMVR) refractory or noncompliant to intravenous therapy. No literature is available discussing the use of intravitreal ganciclovir for CMVR in neonates. We report a term neonate who received intravenous and intravitreal ganciclovir for treatment of CMVR. Three doses of intravitreal ganciclovir (2 mg per dose in each eye) were administered. Intravitreal injections of ganciclovir appeared to be well tolerated and improvement of the retinitis was appreciated. Intravitreal ganciclovir is an effective treatment of CMVR in adult acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. We report one case of intravitreal ganciclovir in a term neonate with promising results.
Subject(s)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/drug therapy , Ganciclovir/administration & dosage , Intravitreal Injections/methods , Administration, Intravenous , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/diagnosis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fluorescein Angiography/methods , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) causes significant hypoxia in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. We report an ELBW infant with RDS and pulmonary hypertension whose hypoxia did not respond to inhaled nitric oxide but improved with inhaled prostacyclin. We propose that inhaled prostacyclin alleviated the hypoxia by stimulating surfactant secretion.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Epoprostenol/administration & dosage , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/drug therapy , Pulmonary Surfactants/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/complications , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/physiopathology , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Foramen Ovale, Patent/complications , Foramen Ovale, Patent/physiopathology , High-Frequency Ventilation , Humans , Hypoxia/congenital , Hypoxia/drug therapy , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome/physiopathology , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/drug effects , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/physiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/physiopathology , Stimulation, ChemicalABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin with some selectivity to block Src would alter the stimulatory effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on estradiol secretion by human granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were taken from ovaries of premenopausal women undergoing oophorectomy for reasons unrelated to ovarian pathology. Granulosa cells from follicles ranging from 5-20 mm in diameter were subjected to culture. Granulosa cells were cultured with human FSH (2 ng/mL) or cAMP (0-1 mM) and testosterone (1 microM) in the presence and absence of herbimycin (0-2 pM). Media were collected at 24, 48, and 72 h. Accumulation of cAMP, progesterone, and estradiol in the media was determined by radioimmunoassay. Herbimycin dose dependently inhibited the ability of FSH to induce increases in progesterone and estradiol secretion. Although herbimycin increased (p < 0.0001) the accumulation of cAMP in response to FSH, this was evident only at the high concentrations of herbimycin (2 microM). To determine whether herbimycin would inhibit the ability of exogenous cAMP to induce estradiol and progesterone secretion, granulosa cells were incubated with 0-1 mM cAMP in the presence and absence of various doses of herbimycin. Herbimycin inhibited cAMP-induced estradiol and progesterone secretion in granulosa cells. The results from seven experiments indicate that herbimycin inhibits FSH stimulation of estradiol and progesterone secretion and that this inhibition may be, in part, at post-cAMP site(s).