CHANGES IN THE SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX OF THE RAT BRAIN UNDER THE MODELING OF HEMORRHAGIC STROKE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess the structural and metabolic changes in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out on rats of the control and experimental groups with a model of hemorrhagic stroke. We used histological, electron microscopic, biochemical methods and biological markers. RESULTS: Results: In the sensorimotor cortex of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of rats under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema and progression of neurodegenerative changes were observed; an increase in the size of mitochondria, which is caused by edema of their matrix; activation of lipid peroxidation processes and a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system, a decrease in the level of apoptosis markers and inhibition of ERK1/2 expression. The study of DNA fragmentation in the cerebral cortex revealed a significant number of manifestations of necrosis and an insignificant number of cells in a state of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: after modelling a hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain, perivascular and pericellular edema of the energy apparatus, cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, and activation of lipid peroxidation processes were established as well as a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system.

HYGIENIC REGULATIONS FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION OF COMBINED PESTICIDES IN THE CEREAL CROPS' CHEMICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Hazard characterization and assessment of combined exposure to several pesticides when they simultaneously get to the human body with bakery products. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Methods of analytical analysis of the range of pesticide active substances, which are registered and used in modern systems of grain crop protection in Ukraine, were used in the study. Normative documents of national legislation on hygienic regulation of pesticides and methodological approaches to assessing the combined effects of pesticide mixtures in food products serve as materials for assessment. RESULTS: Results: It is established that the total risk of exposure to residual amounts of pesticides in bread products (wheat and rye bread) during its comparable getting into the body was 0.59 for children 2-6 years and 0.36 - for adults, with an allowable value of ≤ 1.0. The combined effect of pesticides per unit of children's body weight is higher, but also lies within acceptable limits. The largest contribution to the overall risk of combined exposure to triazoles is made by flutriafol (38.5-47.0%), which in the future may be the basis for substantiating measures to reduce such exposure and make appropriate management decisions. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Safety of consumption of agricultural products is ensured by strict following hygienic regulations for the pesticide application (application rates, frequency of treatments, pre-harvest intervals), which makes it impossible to accumulate their residual amounts in food. Triazole pesticides, widely used in almost all crop protection systems, pose a potential risk of adverse health e!ects due to additive or synergistic effects.

THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FUNGICIDES RESIDUAL QUANTITIES CONTROL METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DOMESTIC REGULATORY BASE HARMONIZATION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To develop highly sensitive analytical methods for the determination of the systemic phenylamide class fungicide - Metalaxyl-M residues in watermelons and grapes to reduce the risk of hazardous effects on workers' and public health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Conditions for Metalaxyl-M detection by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using a chromatographic capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms (length - 30 m, inner diameter - 0.25 mm, layer thickness - 0.25 µm) were determined. The optimal conditions for chromatography of Metalaxyl-M were established: column thermostat temperature - 220°Ð¡, evaporator temperature - 260 °Ð¡, detector temperature - 280 °Ð¡. The retention time under these conditions was 3,384 ± 0.1 minutes. The linear detection range is 0.01 to 0.05 mg / kg. The calibration dependence of the tested substance peak area on its concentration was established and described by the linear regression equation. RESULTS: Results: We found that the most sensitive method for chromatography of Metalaxyl-M is the method of using a capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms on a gas chromatograph Shimadzu Nexis 2030. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The developed GC methods correspond to modern requirements, are selective and allow to control the Metalaxyl-M content in the matrices of the studied crops and can be used as a marker of the safety of agricultural products grown with fungicides containing Metalaxyl-M application. We found that the most sensitive method for Metalaxyl-M chromatography detection is the method with usage of a capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms on a gas chromatograph Shimadzu Nexis 2030.

IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL CORRECTION OF PROTEIN METABOLISM DISORDERS ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the impact of nutritional correction of protein metabolism disorders on the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved 67 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which were divided into two groups: group I - 35 patients who underwent nutritional correction of protein metabolism disorders against the background of antimycobacterial therapy (AMBT) and group II - 32 patients who received standard AMBT. An assessment of clinical indicators and the condition of protein metabolism (PM) was conducted by determining the concentration of individual non-essential, essential amino acids and their total amount. RESULTS: Results: The proposed correction scheme includes food products containing essential nutrients and biologically active compounds that have a positive impact on the corresponding links of pathogenesis and can be used throughout all phases of treatment. Its application had a positive impact on the indicators of PM (significant (p<0.05) increase in total amount of essential amino acids (TAEAA), total amount of non-essential amino acids (TANEAA) and total amount of amino acids (TAAA) in blood serum and the concentration of individual essential and non-essential amino acids (significantly reached the level of indicators in healthy individuals) and clinical course of tuberculosis (intoxication syndrome disappeared earlier by 10.8 ± 0.97 days, and respiratory one by 8.95 ± 1.68 days), there was an increase in the frequency of healing of decay cavities at the time of completion of treatment by 34.0% and a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the average duration of treatment by 21.1±2.91 days. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The application of nutritional correction of protein metabolism in the complex treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis made it possible to obtain a pronounced positive impact on the clinical course of the disease and the condition of protein metabolism, which contributed to an increase in the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation.

NUTRITION OF STUDENTS' YOUTH NOWADAYS AND ITS CORRECTION WAYS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Assessment of students' youth' nutrition by components introduction of nutrition correction methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The following methods have been used in the study: analytical, questionnaire method (the authors composed a questionnaire chart for complex assessment of life style components), statistical (the data received statistical analysis by the licensed in Ukraine software IBM SPSS Statistics Base v.22, with academic lifetime license). RESULTS: Results: The authors have found that medical students' nutrition style can be characterized as unbalanced and polydeficient. The detected non-observance of the nutritional regimen and real students' youth nutrition justify implementation of preventive measures, aimed at decreasing risks of the alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The paper contains recommendations on the main ways of the students' youth nutrition regimens correction.

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HYGIENE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN THE CONTEXT OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT SAFETY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: This study was conducted to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the occupational safety and health of medical workers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved a questionnaire survey and full-scale physiological and hygienic research using bibliosemantic, questionnaire, hygienic, and statistical methods. RESULTS: Results: In the course of research it was recorded that the work of surgeons (according to the criteria of the current "Hygienic classification of work") is characterized by high intensity (class 3.2), high probability of exposure to infectious agents (class 3.3, and 4), harmful effects of physical factors (class 3.1 ), which according to the criteria of the general hygienic assessment of working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger allows being assigned to class 3.3 ("harmful") and 4 ("dangerous"), respectively. Such working conditions provoke an increase in chronic morbidity (industrial and temporary disability), lead to the development of occupational diseases, and can pose a threat to the lives of workers. The need to focus attention on assessing the safety of hospitals in emergencies not only on issues of occupational safety and health but also on the stability and reliability of hospitals in such extreme conditions. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The work process of doctors is characterized by the impact on their body of a complex of unfavorable production factors of psycho-physiological, biological, physical, and chemical nature, among which the leaders are high labor intensity due to intellectual and emotional load, irrational mode of work and rest, and biological factors.

COVID-19 AS A STRESS TEST OF HEALTHCARE ESTABLISHMENTS EFFECTIVENESS AND RELIABILITY MEASURED NATIONALLY AND GLOBALLY.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The authors aimed to estimate the healthcare environment risks and safety problems of the medical staff and patients, methods of neutralizing the negative public health effects and to suggest the new approaches to improved effectiveness and reliability of the healthcare establishments functioning under the emergencies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study includes data of questioning of 163 healthcare workers of certain institutions in Ukraine using the questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ( the USA) on adherence to the patients' safety culture. In this study only the data on the patients' safety culture "response to mistakes" are represented. The more positive answers the respondents gave, the less they are aware that their mistakes and reports do not influence them negatively. RESULTS: Results: Hospital environment reprsents a complex multi-component system, in which specific medical and social tasks are executed, with their fulfillment accompanied with hazardous and unsafe biological, psycho-physiological, chemical, physical and social effects on the staff, patients and the environment. The joined effect of the hospital environment negative factors on the staff is stipulated for the stress and functional tiredness accumulation; it leads to increase in medical mistakes occurrence, which, in its turn, increases probability of occupational catching COVID-19, thus, raising the hospital environment risks under the COVID-19 circumstances both for the medical staff and the patients. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemics turned to be a helpful factor to define critical issues in the hospital environment safety, proving the necessity of further studies, aimed at transforming the safe hospital environment notion from its theoretical meaning into the working paradigm, minimizing practical risk in hospital establishments.

COMPARATIVE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES BEHAVIOR IN SOIL IN INTENSIVE GRAIN FARMING TECHNOLOGIES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was the comparative hygienic evaluation of the pesticide behavior in the soil after application on cereals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: Methods of full-scale in-field hygienic experiment, high-performance liquid (HPLC), gas-liquid (GLC), thin-layer chromatography, statistical, bibliography were used in the research. RESULTS: Results: Data on the detailed conditions and land parcels treated with studied pesticide formulation and its a.i. are highlighted in the article. The actual levels of the different classes a.i. content in soil and its dynamics were determined, based on which the dissipation rate constants (K) were calculated, as well as quantitative parameters of stability (τ50, τ95, τ99). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Azoxystrobin, benzovindiflupyr, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz, cyproconazole can be classified as of low hazardous substances, and trinexapac-ethyl, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, and tebuconazole are considered to be moderately hazardous. Among all pesticides studied, tebuconazole is the longest persists in the soil; epoxiconazole and propiconazole are most likely to disappear from the soil. Calculated values of half-lives of the studied substances in the agro-climatic conditions of Ukraine are slightly different from the results of in-field experiments that were conducted in other countries, namely: azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, and cyproconazole disappear from the soil more quickly; the kresoxim-methyl and pinoxaden disappear more slowly. Meanwhile, the persistence of benzovindiflupyr, picoxystrobin, prochloraz, trinexapac-ethyl, and tebuconazole does not differ from the persistence in soils of European countries.

HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF NECESSITY FOR MONITORING IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS OF SDHI FUNGICIDES CONSIDERING THEIR POSSIBLE IMPACT ON THE THYROID GLAND.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was hygienic substantiation of necessity for monitoring in the environmental objects of SDHI fungicides considering their possible impact on the thyroid gland. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To test the proposed selection criteria for hygienic monitoring of pesticides that affect the thyroid gland, we evaluated 4 new SDHI fungicides from the chemical class of pyrazolecarboxamides (isopyrazam, pentiopyrad, sedaxan, fluxapyroxad). RESULTS: Results: Based on the results obtained, all studied compounds are assigned to the second pesticide group, hygienic monitoring of which is desirable but not required. This is due, on the one hand, to their low toxicity, to the other, to low environmental sustainability. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was shown, that compared to other classes of pesticides, the studied are much less dangerous in terms of groundwater contamination.

Dermal absorption of diquat and potential occupational risk.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The toxicological-hygienic assessment of dermal absorption of diquat in terms of potential risk of its bioavailability in professional use. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The object of the study was cutaneous exposure of diquat, determined in toxicological experiments of different duration (data of scientific literature) and at the stage of state testing of pesticide preparations based on diquat dibromide (data of a full-scale hygiene experiment, prognostic model of risk assessment), the technical concentrate of diquat dibromide (active substance content not less than 377 g / kg) contains relevant supplements, the content of which is regulated by the Food and Agriculture Organization. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: Due to the high risk of the diquat adverse effects affecting the personnel, general public and environment, the European Union has introduced administrative decisions to forbid plant protection products containing the diquat. Fulfillment of the conditions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union indicates the need to develop common regulations and risk assessment methods aimed at ensuring high level of protection of human health and the environment.

Hygienic assessment of the effects of pesticides application on children population morbidity with thyroid gland diseases.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: It is proved that some groups of fungicides and herbicides are capable of affecting the thyroid gland, provoking its growth, leading to a compensatory change in the activity of the hormones synthesis. Therefore, the presence of their residual amounts in plant may affect the level of thyroid gland pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of pesticide application on the Ukrainian child population morbidity with thyroid diseases in the period from 2001 to 2014. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and systematization, epidemiological, cartographic and statistical methods were used. RESULTS: Review: The maximum level of thyroid pathology was found in the northern, western and northwestern regions, where the diffuse goiter dominates in the morbidity and prevalence of thyroid diseases; minimal - in the southern, eastern and south-eastern regions. It was established that the highest volumes of application of chemical plant protection products in the period 2001-2013 took place in the southern and central regions of Ukraine, namely in Poltava, Vinnitsa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Khmelnytsky regions. Sufficiently high levels of pesticide application were in the Kyiv, Kherson regions, Zaporizhia, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regions. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The probability of the active chemical plant protection products application effect on the level of thyroid cancer, various types of goiter, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis in the central and southern regions was determined. These are regions with well-developed agricultural production.

health and lifestyle of students' youth: status, problems and ways of solution.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The current negative trends in the health of students' youth, which according to many researchers is a social group with an increased risk of diseases, indicate the need to address the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of students through the introduction of effective approaches to the prevention of diseases, risk factors for their development and the formation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle. The aim: Substantiation of measures aimed at prevention of non-communicable diseases and risk factors for their development in students by studying their health and lifestyle, evaluation of international experience in this field. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We have analyzed the sources of domestic and foreign research literature and conducted sociological research among 332 students of higher education institutions: linguistic, medical and technical universities. It had been used bibliosemantic, sociological and medical-statistical methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Under conditions of the current intensification of the educational process in higher education universities, which is accompanied by a tense education regime, increase of educational load and negative impact on the health of students, the importance of solving the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of student youth is increased. Therefore priority attention is needed the complex realization of measures to the effective prevention of diseases and risk factors for their development among students, creation of pre-conditions for forming in students the principles of healthy way of life and health-protecting behavior, improvement of medical care and implementation of monitoring the health status of students.