ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Depression is the most common mental disorder among old age people residing at old age homes. It is also associated with many physiological and psychological symptoms along with the impaired quality of life and self-esteem. The multimodal intervention, including physical activity, cognitive training, and social activities, has a positive effect on depression and self-esteem. However, only a few studies were conducted in India setup on the older population residing at old age homes. Hence, this study focused on finding the effectiveness of multimodal intervention for depression, quality of life, and self-esteem among elderly people residing at selected old age homes in Jalandhar, Punjab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 months. An simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 50 subjects to the experimental group and 50 subjects to the control group. Elderly people who are residing at selected old age homes in Jalandhar were selected for the study. The multimodal intervention was administered to the experimental group once weekly eight sessions over eight weeks after the pre-interventional assessment. The data were collected pre-intervention, at one month, three months, and six months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics between groups at baseline. The mean age of subjects was 64.35 ± 1.32 years in the experimental group and 64.12 ± 1.83 in the control group. The mean duration of stay in old age home was 3.64 ± 1.25 years in the experimental group and 4.05 ± 1.65 in the control group. There were significant multimodal intervention effects on decreasing depression (F = 20.15, P < 0.05, np2= 0.092) and increasing self-esteem (F = 84.65, P < 0.001, np2= 0.24) and quality of life (F = 62.32, P < 0.001, np2= 0.52) over the 6-month interval. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the multimodal intervention was effective in reducing depression among elderly people residing at selected old age homes. It also shows that self-esteem and quality of life improved significantly after intervention.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children. Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily. Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for anxiety and depression among children; however, few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in India. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo. Two-hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria (at least one parent with alcohol dependence) at government high schools in Bangalore, India, were randomized to the experimental (n = 97) or control group (n = 98). The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions (biweekly) over 4 wk after baseline assessment. The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts, replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives, modification of maladaptive behavior, developing adaptive coping skills and building self-esteem. The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version. RESULTS: Mean age of the children was 14.68 ± 0.58 years, 60.5% were male, 56% were studying in 9th standard, 70.75% were from nuclear families, and mean family monthly income was 9588.1 ± 3135.2 INR. Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52 ± 2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-consuming parent. The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression scores, and increasing self-esteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval, when compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing self-esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence. The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: A child's social competence depends on a number of factors including family atmosphere. Parental alcoholism effects the development of child directly or indirectly. Children of alcoholics (COAs) may have lower social competence. Addressing this problem at the earliest can significantly reduce the problems in future. The objective of the study is to compare the social competence between COAs and non-COA. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study design was used. The study was conducted at a selected government high school located in Bengaluru urban. One hundred COA and 100 non-COA were recruited for the study by using simple random sampling technique. Children of Alcoholic Screening Test (modified) and Social Competence Scale were used in the study. RESULTS: Results show that there is statistically significant difference between COAs and non-COAs with regard to prosocial attitude, social competition, social leadership, social tolerance, social maturity, social skills, and overall skills. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that COAs have low level of social competence.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Menopause is associated with high risk of depression among women. Studies have shown that group cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) is safe and effective treatment for depression among menopausal women; however, only limited studies are conducted in India. AIMS: To examine the efficacy of group CBT for depression among menopausal woman. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A randomized, controlled trial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 months. The study was conducted from January 2017 to November 2017 at selected Primary Health Centre (PHC) area, urban Bengaluru. SUBJECT AND METHODS: Participants were 80 women from selected PHC areas, Bengaluru, India. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group by computer-generated random numbers. The experimental group received six weekly group CBT sessions. Depression was evaluated for both groups at the baseline and at two follow-up assessments in the 1st and 6th month. Treatment effects of the group CBT were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package (Version 23). RESULTS: The results showed that comparisons of depression scores between the two groups before initiating group CBT were not significant. Statistically significant reduction in depression scores were seen among experimental group compared to control group over the 6-month period. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that group CBT is effective for reducing depression among menopausal woman.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Children of alcoholics (COAs) face risks of behavioral problems during childhood and mental health problems in adult life. Identifying these problems at the earliest can significantly reduce the problems in future. AIMS: To compare the anxiety, depression, and self-esteem between COA and non-COA parents. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparative survey research design was adopted for the present study. The study was conducted at selected government high school located in Bangalore urban. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 200 children comprising 100 children of each alcoholic parents and nonalcoholic were recruited for the study. A screening test (modified) was used for identifying COA. Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to assess anxiety, depression, and self-esteem, respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software package (version 23). RESULTS: The results show that there is statistically significant difference between COA and non-COA group with regard to anxiety, depression, self-esteem, separation anxiety, social phobia, obsessive compulsive problems, and physical injury. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that COAs are having higher rate of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem compared with children of nonalcoholics.
