ABSTRACT
We report a case with symptoms of facial swelling, bilateral facial paralysis, dysphagia and aspiration. On electrophysiological studies, the right facial nerve was not excitable. The left facial nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude was severely dispersed and latency was mildly prolonged, consistent with demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid examinations were normal. Anti-ganglioside antibodies and tumor markers were negative. Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, stroke, diabetes mellitus, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome, trauma, infectious diseases, toxicity, neoplasm, facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) and other degenerative diseases were excluded. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resolved symptoms of lower cranial nerve dysfunction. Clinically incomplete improvement of bilateral facial paralysis was observed. We conclude that IVIg therapy may improve the symptoms of multiple cranial nerve palsies due to pharyngo-facial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/therapy , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/diagnosis , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Aged, 80 and over , Cranial Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Facial Nerve/physiopathology , Facial Paralysis/physiopathology , Female , Glossopharyngeal Nerve/physiopathology , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/physiopathology , Humans , Neural Conduction/physiology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Amaurosis Fugax , Carotid Artery Diseases , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery , Stroke , Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Cerebral Arteries/pathology , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Functional Laterality , Humans , Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery/complications , Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods , Movement Disorders , Perceptual Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
This article investigated the possible neurotoxic effect of sulfite in normal and sulfite oxidase (SOX) deficients rats by evaluating EEG spectral analysis. Rats were divided into four groups: control (C), sulfite treated (25 mg/kg) (ST), SOX deficient (SD), and sulfite treated SOX deficient (STSD) groups. The qEEG spectral analyses of two spectral parameters including power and relative power were performed. The mean power of SD group was found to be increased compared to the all other groups and returned to control levels after sulfite administration. The power of the four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta) of the SD group corresponds to the mean power. EEG relative power increased in the delta band with concomitant decreases in power measured in the alpha frequency range. It was concluded that exogenous administration of sulfite affected the brain electrical activity in SOX deficiency, and improved neuroprotection.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Sulfite Oxidase/deficiency , Sulfites/adverse effects , Sulfites/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Inactivation, Metabolic/genetics , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sulfite Oxidase/genetics , Sulfites/metabolismABSTRACT
The main goal in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke is prompt arterial recanalization. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is efficient in humans, but shows significant problems including slow and incomplete recanalization and frequent bleeding complications. Limited therapeutic window (the first three hours after onset) is the major limitation resulting in reach too few patients. Therefore, adjunctive therapies extending the reperfusion time window, increasing efficacy and reducing side effects of rtPA are needed. Ultrasound augmentation of rtPA-mediated thrombolysis is suggested to overcome some of these problems, but low-frequency ultrasound (less than 1 MHz) is not safe and high frequency ultrasound (2 MHz) is not much effective. We suggest that normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) may increase the efficacy of ultrasound and rtPA combination in addition to its own efficacy in acute ischemic stroke. Briefly, NBO increases arterial partial oxygen pressure (pO(2)) significantly up to 6-fold. Increase of pO(2) results in an increase of dissolved oxygen in the blood according to Henry's law. Enhanced dissolved oxygen increases gas nuclei formation around and inside of the clot, and decreases the Blake threshold. Under ultrasound field, these small gas nuclei form nano bubbles which fuel inertial cavitation as substrates, and therefore increase the clot fragmentation and lysis. This hypothesis has not been tested so far. The combination of rtPA, therapeutic ultrasound and NBO may be more efficacious than rtPA alone or its combination with ultrasound as acute stroke treatment modality, because each has different and probably additive mechanism of action.
Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Oxygen/metabolism , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Ultrasonic Therapy/methods , Arteries/metabolism , Arteries/pathology , HumansABSTRACT
The authors planned to show the effect of high-level estrogen on cognitive functions, using P300 in the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) population. Eighteen IVF patients (mean age 31.39 +/- 5.01) without any detectable cognitive disorder were enrolled in this study. The authors measured N100, P200, N200, P300 latencies and amplitudes at Cz and Fz recordings during the lowest and highest blood estradiol levels. P300 amplitudes were significantly reduced during the highest level of estradiol compared to the lowest level both at Fz and Cz recordings. The other subcomponents of P300 were not significantly influenced by blood estradiol levels. The results revealed a decline in the ability of task relevance and state of arousal when the estradiol level was the highest in the IVF patients.
