Review of nutritional approaches to fibromyalgia.

CONTEXT: A multidisciplinary approach has been suggested to be the optimal form of treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). A research focus on nutritional therapy has developed in recent years, and this approach has been more frequently integrated into the recovery plan of patients with FM. OBJECTIVES: The interaction between the nutritional status and health of patients with FM is highlighted in this review, and possible dietary approaches to ameliorating the disease's effects are discussed. DATA SOURCES: FM research studies containing a nutrition or diet focus with a publication date between 2000 and 2021 were scanned broadly through a computerized search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that included the following criteria were eligible for inclusion: (1) original research and case studies that evaluated obesity and nutritional approaches as a therapeutic intervention for FM, and (2) patients older than 18 years who were diagnosed withFM according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Interventions included nutritional supplementation, nutrient- and obesity-related blood analyses, prescribed diets, body mass index or obesity and quality-of-life assessments, weight reduction, food-additive elimination, and evaluation of food perception and food sensitivity. RESULTS: After the literature search, 36 studies (N = 5142 individuals) were identified as relevant, and their full texts were assessed for inclusion in the review. Conditions such as obesity, food allergies, nutritional deficiencies, and food additives were revealed to be risk factors that correlated with complications of FM. Several studies showed beneficial effects for patients with FM of high-antioxidant, high-fiber foods such as fruits and vegetables, low processed foods, high-quality proteins, and healthy fats. CONCLUSION: There is no specific diet therapy for the treatment of FM. However, overall, studies indicated that weight control, modified high-antioxidant diets, and nutritional supplementation are beneficial in alleviating symptoms in patients with FM.

Familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations as a risk factor for early coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are very common in the general population. Atherosclerosis is the main pathogenesis. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease. The gene causing FMF, designated MEFV, encodes a protein called pyrin or marenostrin that is expressed mainly in myeloid bone marrow precursors, neutrophils and monocytes. We herein aimed to determine the prevalence of MEFV mutations (all exon 2, 10 mutations) in patients with early coronary heart disease (early CHD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with multiple risk factors and among the healthy subjects as controls. METHODS: A total of 197 patients and 119 healthy subjects were recruited and enrolled into three groups in terms of inclusion criteria. Ninety-one patients diagnosed with early CHD enrolled into group one (men < 45 years of age, women < 40 years of age), 106 patients with CHD (men > 50 years of age) to group two and 119 healthy controls enrolled into group three. None of patients was diagnosed with FMF. The diagnosis of CHD was established on electrocardiographic changes, echocardiography and coronary angiography. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (41.8%) with early CHD, 17 patients (16%) with CHD and 24 healthy controls (20.2%) carried at least one mutated MEFV allele. Young patients with CHD have different risk factor profiles, clinical presentations and prognoses than older patients. Young patients with CHD usually have multiple risk factors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MEFV mutations in early CHD patients had significantly increased in contrast to CHD patients and healthy controls.

Association of TRPM Channel Gene Polymorphisms with Systemic Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an inflammatory disease characterized by vascular abnormalities and fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channel genes in the susceptibility and phenotype expression of SSc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 339 patients with SSc and 302 healthy controls were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of the peripheral blood, and 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TRPM channel genes were analyzed by the BioMark HD dynamic array system. RESULTS: There were marked increases in the CC genotype (94.7% vs 81.8%, p<0.0001) and C allele frequencies (97.0% vs. 90.1%, p<0.0001) in the TRPM3 rs1328142, and TT genotype (19.0% vs. 7.8%, p=0.0002) in TRPM5 rs34551253 (Ala456Thr) polymorphism in SSc patients when compared to controls. TRPM3 gene rs1328142 polymorphism was also markedly associated with disease phenotype. However, no associations with the other 23 polymorphisms studied were found. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to examine the involvement of TRPM channel gene variations on the risk of SSc incidence. Our results suggest roles of TRPM3 and TRPM5 gene variants in the susceptibility to or clinical expression of SSc in the Turkish population.

Impact of rheumatoid arthritis in Turkey: a questionnaire study.

OBJECTIVES: Unmet needs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients regarding physician/patient communication, treatment preferences and quality of life issues were investigated in a Turkish survey study. METHODS: The study was conducted with the contribution of 33 rheumatologists, and included 519 RA patients. The study population included patients who had been on biologic therapy for >6 months and were still receiving biologic therapy (BT group), and those who were biologic naive, but found eligible for biologic treatment (NBT group). Of the RA patients, 35.5% initially had a visit to an internal disease specialist, 25.5% to a physical therapy and rehabilitation specialist, and 12.2% to a rheumatology specialist for their RA complaints. The diagnosis of RA was made by a rheumatologist in 48.2% of patients. RESULTS: The majority of RA patients (86.3%) visit their doctor within 15-week intervals. Most of the physician-patient communication focused on disease symptoms (99.0%) and impact of the disease on quality of life (61.8%). The proportion of RA patients who perceived their health status as good/very good/excellent was higher in the BT group than in the NBT group (74.3% vs. 51.5%, p<0.001). However, of those RA patients in the NBT group, only 24.8% have been recommended to start a biologic treatment by their doctors. With respect to dose frequency options, once-monthly injections were preferred (80%) to a bi-weekly injection schedule (8%). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, RA patients receiving biologic therapy reported higher rates of improved symptoms and better quality of life and seemed to be more satisfied with their treatment in our study.

Diagnostic dilemma of paraneoplastic arthritis: case series.

OBJECTIVES: Paraneoplastic arthritis (PA) may mimic rheumatic diseases. While presenting the demographic and laboratory features of the patients diagnosed with PA, this study also aims to provide possible appropriate tools to differentiate the PA cases from early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). METHODS: Sixty-five patients with PA (male/female: 43/22) from 15 different rheumatology clinics and 50 consecutive patients with ERA (male/female: 13/37) fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the diagnosis if the RA from Gaziantep Rheumatology Early Arthritis Trial (GREAT) as controls who were diagnosed at least 12 months before, were enrolled into study. RESULTS: Mean ages of the patients with PA and ERA were 50.2 ± 15.3, and 42.7 ± 12.3, respectively, and the mean ages of the patients with PA were significantly higher than the ERA. Unlike the ERA patients, in our case series PA was predominantly observed among males. Oligoarthritis was significantly higher in solid tumors in contrast to ERA (P = 0.001). Polyarthritis and symmetric arthritis were significantly higher in the ERA group in contrast to all malignancies (P = 0.001). Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP) positivity were significantly higher in the ERA group (each P = 0.001). Lactic dehydrogenase levels of hematologic malignancies were significantly higher than other groups (each, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ERA patients had more symmetric joint involvement than PA; laboratory markers could be also an alternative where there is high RF and anti-CCP positivity with antibody levels among the ERA patients. Finally, the demographic features can be used as differentiating factors; ERA was seen predominantly among females aged 40-59 years which refers to young adults.

Increased urotensin-II activity in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic lupus erythematosus.

AIM: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) commonly co-exists with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The obvious pathophysiological mechanism in RP is vasoconstriction. Although the roles of certain vasoconstrictor substances, like endothelin-1, have been identified in RP, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: In this pilot study, we researched a relatively recently identified, very potent vasoconstrictor peptide, urotensin-II (U-II), in SLE patients versus those without RP. In addition to its vasoconstrictor effect, U-II has been implicated in cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Increased frequencies of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events comprise another issue in SLE patients. To address these effects, we included 15 Raynaud's (+) and 15 Raynaud's (-) SLE patients and compared both cohorts against age and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: We found significantly elevated U-II activity in both RP (+) and RP (-) SLE patients, relative to controls (P < 0.0001); however, the difference among RP (+) SLE patients was more prominent. U-II was significantly elevated in RP (+) SLE patients when compared to RP (-) SLE patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that, either as a cause or by-product, U-II may have some role in Raynaud's-related vasoconstriction. It also might contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in SLE patients. Further studies clearly are warranted.