Emergency Gastrectomy for Oesophageal and Gastric Polyps With Massive Bleeding Induced by Anticoagulation.

We report the management dilemma of a patient with known gastric polyposis requiring anticoagulation for a submassive pulmonary embolism and haemodynamic compromise. This occurred in a comorbid patient with iron deficiency anaemia and previous venous thromboembolism. The patient had repeated episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding post-thrombolysis for which the cause was not seen on gastroscopy and required an emergency gastrectomy to control the bleeding. A keyword search was done across Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase; in the case of gastric polyposis causing significant bleeding, current practice is to identify and treat such cases with endoscopy. This case report delineates the first case in literature of haemorrhagic bleeding in gastric polyposis secondary to therapeutic anticoagulation which has gone on to require definitive surgical management.

Incidence and management of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate in the ICU: An international observational study.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic acidosis is a major complication of critical illness. However, its current epidemiology and its treatment with sodium bicarbonate given to correct metabolic acidosis in the ICU are poorly understood. METHOD: This was an international retrospective observational study in 18 ICUs in Australia, Japan, and Taiwan. Adult patients were consecutively screened, and those with early metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.3 and a Base Excess < -4 mEq/L, within 24-h of ICU admission) were included. Screening continued until 10 patients who received and 10 patients who did not receive sodium bicarbonate in the first 24 h (early bicarbonate therapy) were included at each site. The primary outcome was ICU mortality, and the association between sodium bicarbonate and the clinical outcomes were assessed using regression analysis with generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: We screened 9437 patients. Of these, 1292 had early metabolic acidosis (14.0%). Early sodium bicarbonate was given to 18.0% (233/1292) of these patients. Dosing, physiological, and clinical outcome data were assessed in 360 patients. The median dose of sodium bicarbonate in the first 24 h was 110 mmol, which was not correlated with bodyweight or the severity of metabolic acidosis. Patients who received early sodium bicarbonate had higher APACHE III scores, lower pH, lower base excess, lower PaCO2, and a higher lactate and received higher doses of vasopressors. After adjusting for confounders, the early administration of sodium bicarbonate was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.62) for ICU mortality. In patients with vasopressor dependency, early sodium bicarbonate was associated with higher mean arterial pressure at 6 h and an aOR of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.22 to 1.19) for ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Early metabolic acidosis is common in critically ill patients. Early sodium bicarbonate is administered by clinicians to more severely ill patients but without correction for weight or acidosis severity. Bicarbonate therapy in acidotic vasopressor-dependent patients may be beneficial and warrants further investigation.

Are there gender differences in the severity and consequences of sleep disordered in children?

OBJECTIVES: In adults there is a distinct gender difference in the prevalence and severity of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), however there have been limited studies examining the effects of gender in children with SDB. We aimed to compare the effects of gender on severity of SDB, blood pressure, sleep and respiratory characteristics, quality of life, behavior and executive function. METHODS: We included 533 children aged 3-18 years, who underwent standard pediatric overnight polysomnography (PSG) between 2004 and 2016. Blood pressure was recorded prior to each study. Quality of life, behavior and executive function were assessed with parental questionnaires. Children were grouped by gender and SDB severity based on their obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) into non-snoring controls, Primary Snoring (PS) (OAHI≤1 event/h), Mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (OAHI>1-≤5 events/h) and moderate/severe (MS) OSA (OAHI>5 events/h) and data compared with 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS: A total of 298 boys and 235 girls were studied. There were no differences in age, BMI z-score, SDB severity sleep characteristics or blood pressure between genders. Diastolic blood pressure was elevated in females with MS OSA compared to males (P < 0.05). Quality of life, behavior and executive function scores were all elevated in the SDB groups compared to controls. Females with MS OSA exhibited more internalizing behavioral problems compared to males (59.2 ± 2.4 vs. 51.4 ± 2.3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to studies in adults, we identified no gender differences in the severity or consequences of SDB in children, other than females with moderate-severe OSA exhibiting more internalizing problems and higher diastolic blood pressure.

Pott's puffy tumour in an immunosuppressed adult: case report and systematic review of literature.

This case is of a 34-year-old immunocompromised male with Pott's puffy tumour, which was treated with antibiotics and endoscopic sinus surgery. Pott's puffy tumour is typically a complication of frontal sinusitis in children and immunocompromise can be a precipitating factor. A search was conducted of Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Informit and Scopus of 'Pott's Puffy' and variations of this phrase. Initial 804 records were reviewed by title, abstract and full text. Of the unique papers identified, 155 only included paediatric patients and 128 included adult patients. After title, abstract and full-text review of 13 papers were identified describing Pott's puffy tumour in immunocompromised patients. Immunosuppression was noted as a risk factor in only a small number of cases, with diabetes mellitus being the most common. A few cases did note immunosuppression due to newer immunomodulatory agents being used for treatment of autoimmune conditions.