Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 2 de 2
Filter
1.
Diabet Med ; 34(8): 1145-1153, 2017 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28370329

ABSTRACT

AIM: To gain insight into the presence of islet cell autoimmunity in an ethnic Asian compared with a white European population. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study we recruited people with adult-onset diabetes (age of diagnosis 20-60 years), at tertiary referral centres in Germany (n=1020) and Singapore (n=1088). Glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen 2 antibodies were measured according to Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program protocols. RESULTS: The prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity was 13.9% (95% CI 12.1-16.0; P<0.001) in the white European cohort compared with 6.8% (95% CI 5.5-8.4; P<0.001) in the Asian cohort. Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity was 11.4% (95% CI 7.7-16.6) in Indian, 6.0% (95% CI 3.6-9.9) in Malay and 5.8% (95% CI 4.3-7.7; P<0.001) in Chinese participants. In the white European participants, the prevalence of islet antigen 2 antibody positivity was 7.8% (95% CI 6.4-9.4) compared with 14.8% (95% CI 12.8-17.0; P<0.001) in the Asian cohort as a whole, and among the three ethnicities in the Asian cohort it was 12.4% (95% CI 8.6-17.7) in Indian, 16.8% (95% CI 12.6-22.2) in Malay and 15.7% (95% CI 13.2-18.6) in Chinese participants. Double antibody positivity was seen in 5.7% (95% CI 4.5-7.1) of white European participants compared with 1.6% (95% CI 1.0-2.5; P<0.01) of Asian participants. In the white European cohort, those who were glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody-positive had a lower BMI than those who were autoantibody-negative, but this trend was absent in the Asian cohort. CONCLUSIONS: A marked prevalence of islet cell autoimmunity was observed in people with adult-onset diabetes. While glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies were more frequent in the European cohort, islet antigen 2 antibody positivity was highest in the three ethnic groups in Singapore, suggesting ethnic-specific differences in antibody profiles.


Subject(s)
Autoantibodies/analysis , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmunity , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology , Glutamate Decarboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8/antagonists & inhibitors , Adult , Asian People , Autoimmune Diseases/blood , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Autoimmune Diseases/ethnology , Biomarkers/blood , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology , Germany/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Referral and Consultation , Singapore/epidemiology , Tertiary Care Centers , White People , Young Adult
2.
Water Sci Technol ; 67(2): 340-6, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23168633

ABSTRACT

To date, little information is known about the operation of the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process in tropical climates. Along with the global concerns on nutrient pollution and the increasing array of local regulatory requirements, the applicability and compliance accountability of the EBPR process for sewage treatment in tropical climates is being evaluated. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with seed sludge from a conventional activated sludge (CAS) process was successfully acclimatized to EBPR conditions at 28 °C after 13 days' operation. Enrichment of Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis in the SBR was confirmed through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The effects of operational pH and influent C:P ratio on EBPR were then investigated. At pH 7 or pH 8, phosphorus removal rates of the EBPR processes were relatively higher when operated at C:P ratio of 3 than C:P ratio of 10, with 0.019-0.020 and 0.011-0.012 g-P/g-MLVSS•day respectively. One-year operation of the 28 °C EBPR process at C:P ratio of 3 and pH 8 demonstrated stable phosphorus removal rate of 0.020 ± 0.003 g-P/g-MLVSS•day, corresponding to effluent with phosphorus concentration <0.5 mg/L. This study provides the first evidence on good EBPR activity at relatively high temperature, indicating its applicability in a tropical climate.


Subject(s)
Carbon/analysis , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Environmental Restoration and Remediation/standards , Phosphorus/analysis , Phosphorus/isolation & purification , Tropical Climate , Anaerobiosis , Batch Cell Culture Techniques , Biodegradation, Environmental , Bioreactors/microbiology , Feasibility Studies , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Malaysia , Organic Chemicals/analysis , Phosphates/analysis , Sewage , Solubility , Time Factors
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...