ABSTRACT
Skin cancer is a public health problem due to its high incidence. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main etiological agent of this disease. Photochemoprotection involves the use of substances to avoid damage caused by UV exposure. The aim of this work was to determine the phytochemical fingerprint and photochemoprotective effect against UVB radiation-induced skin damage such as erythema and carcinogenesis of H. mociniana methanolic extract (MEHm). The chemical composition of the MEHm was analysed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Three quercetin derivatives, two pectinolides, and two caffeic acid derivatives were identified in the methanolic extract. MEHm has antioxidant effect and it is not cytotoxic in HaCaT cells. Phytochemicals from H. mociniana have a photochemopreventive effect because they absorb UV light and protect HaCaT cells from UVR-induced cell death. Also, in SKH-1 mice -acute exposure-, it decreased erythema formation, modulating the inflammatory response, reduced the skin damage according to histological analysis and diminished p53 expression. Finally, MEHm protects from photocarcinogenesis by reducing the incidence and multiplicity of skin carcinomas in SKH-1 mice exposed chronically to UVB radiation.
Subject(s)
Erythema/prevention & control , Hyptis/chemistry , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/prevention & control , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ultraviolet Rays , Animals , Carcinogenesis/drug effects , Cell Line , Erythema/etiology , Female , Humans , Mice , Mice, Hairless , Skin Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function is challenging in cats, partially because of transmitral flow pattern fusion associated with high heart rates. With heart rate (HR) reduction, transmitral flow waveforms separate, allowing identification of diastolic dysfunction. Timolol, an ophthalmic, nonselective beta-blocker used in glaucoma is safe and transiently decreases HR in clinical trials. HYPOTHESIS: Administration of timolol ophthalmic solution decreases HR and facilitates echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in cats without inducing clinically relevant adverse effects. ANIMALS: Twenty-five apparently healthy cats. METHODS: Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms including transmitral flow patterns were evaluated before and 20 minutes after ocular administration of 1 drop of timolol 0.5% solution. Twenty cats underwent treatment with timolol, and 5 different cats served as untreated controls to evaluate the effects of acclimation to the hospital environment on HR. RESULTS: Acclimation to the hospital had no effect on HR in control cats. After timolol administration, a significant median HR reduction of 25 bpm was observed (P < .0001). Timolol had no effect on E/A ratio in cats without E/A fusion (7/20, P = .44). Of the 13 cats with E and A waves that were fused before timolol application, separation of these waves was identified in 8 cats (62%) after timolol treatment. No bradyarrhythmias were noted after timolol administration, but 2 cats had first-degree atrioventricular block. Timolol resulted in resolution of dynamic outflow tract obstruction in 6 of 6 cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Ocular administration of timolol safely decreases HR in cats and could facilitate assessment of diastolic function.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Cat Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart Rate/drug effects , Timolol/pharmacology , Administration, Ophthalmic/veterinary , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Animals , Cat Diseases/physiopathology , Cats , Diastole , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Heart Murmurs/physiopathology , Heart Murmurs/veterinary , Timolol/administration & dosage , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
The protein encoded by ORF 4 of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is not required for growth of some strains in tissue culture cells, but its role in pathogenesis in the murine host has not been defined previously in a controlled manner. MHV strain JHM causes acute and chronic neurological diseases in susceptible strains of rodents. To genetically manipulate the structural proteins of this and other strains of MHV, we have generalized an interspecies-targeted RNA recombination selection that was originally developed for the A59 strain of MHV. Using this approach, a recombinant MHV-JHM was constructed in which gene 4 was genetically inactivated. Virus lacking gene 4 expression replicated in tissue culture cells with similar kinetics to recombinant virus in which gene 4 expression was not disrupted. Both types of viruses exhibited similar virulence when analyzed in a murine model of encephalitis. These results establish a targeted recombination system for inserting mutations into MHV-JHM. Furthermore, the protein encoded by ORF 4 is not essential for growth in tissue culture cells or in the CNS of the infected host.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Genes, Viral , Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity , Animals , Cell Line , Cerebral Cortex/virology , Hippocampus/virology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Murine hepatitis virus/genetics , Mutagenesis, Site-Directed , Open Reading Frames , Recombination, Genetic , Time Factors , VirulenceSubject(s)
Ecthyma, Contagious/genetics , Encephalomyelitis/virology , Genes, Viral , Murine hepatitis virus/genetics , Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity , Recombination, Genetic , Animals , Brain/virology , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Disease Models, Animal , Ecthyma, Contagious/metabolism , Gene Deletion , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Viral Proteins/genetics , Viral Proteins/metabolism , VirulenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The gastric and duodenal ulcer is the most common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in 25% of patients, and accounting annually for approximately 50-100 admissions per 100,000 population. OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding in hospital admission, according to age and sex and identifying the risk factors. METHOD: Determined the prevalence rates of number of hospital discharges of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding for GU and DU during period 1991 to 1997. Determined the prevalence rates of peptic ulcer occurrence for age-adjusted rates, sex and seasonal variation for 1000 hospital discharges. We investigated the features of hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and identification of risk factors as NSAID, alcohol and tobacco. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi square and t Student. RESULTS: The annual prevalence rates were 46.6/1000 hospital discharges. There were more frequent between 6th to 8th decades, female sex and during May, June and November. The average stay of patients were 4.2 days (range 1 to 18). A total of 275 patients were found to have GU or DU with gastrointestinal bleeding, 66% were male and mean age was 57 years. The risk factors found were tobacco 52%, alcohol 40% and NSAID 44% (P < 0.05). Melena and hematemesis was found in 64% y 36% respectively. The GU (41%) was more frequent than DU (40%) (P NS). CONCLUSIONS: The annual prevalence rates were 46.6/1000 hospital discharges more frequent in males (66%) and gastric ulcer was found more frequent (41%) than DU (P NS).
Subject(s)
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Patient Discharge , Peptic Ulcer/complications , Peptic Ulcer/therapy , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/etiology , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/therapy , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
All cases of unilateral renal agenesis are associated with an ipsilateral blind vagina except when there is agenesis of a urogenital ridge. Herlyn-Werner syndrome and some Gärtner's duct cysts or Wolffian remnants also represent a blind vagina and lend support to the idea that the caudal segments of the Wolffian ducts participate in the formation of the human vagina.
