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1.
J Clin Med ; 11(12)2022 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35743497

ABSTRACT

Eighty-five percent of the studies of patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) treated with Levothyroxine (L-T4) report neuropsychological sequelae throughout life. In neonates and infants, there is a deficit in sensorimotor skills (impaired balance). In preschool and elementary school children and adolescents, there are alterations in intellectual quotient (low scores), language (delayed phonological acquisition), memory (visual, verbal, visuospatial, visuoconstructive, autobiographical, and semantic), sensorimotor skills (impaired fine and gross motor control), and visuoconstructive-visuospatial domain (low scores in spatial location, block design, and object assembly). These neuropsychological domains are also affected in young adults, except for language (adequate verbal fluency) and visuoconstructive-visuospatial domain (no data). The onset and severity of neuropsychological sequelae in patients with treated CH depend on several factors: extrinsic, related to L-T4 treatment and social aspects, and intrinsic, such as severity and etiology of CH, as well as structural and physiological changes in the brain. In this review, we hypothesized that thyroid hormone hyposensitivity (THH) could also contribute to neuropsychological alterations by reducing the effectiveness of L-T4 treatment in the brain. Thus, further research could approach the THH hypothesis at basic and clinical levels to implement new endocrinological and neuropsychological therapies for CH patients.

2.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol ; 384(6): 499-504, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21826449

ABSTRACT

Malnutrition contributes to the development of oxidative damage in the central nervous system. The selective administration of nutrients tends to show positive results in individuals who have suffered from malnutrition. To determine the effect of the administration of cocoa powder on the peroxidation of lipids and glutathione level during the nutritional recovery in brain, rats of 21 days old were subjected to a protocol that resembles malnutrition (MN) by feeding them with 60% of the daily food consumption of the control group (WN) and later to nutritional recovery with regular rodent feed (RFR) or added with cocoa (10 g of cocoa powder/kg of regular rodent feed) (CCR). Animals fed with regular rodent food showed significant reduction in brain glutathione: RFR (84.18 ± 6.38 ng/mg protein) vs. CCR (210.61 ± 50.10 ng/mg protein) and WN (186.55 ± 33.18 ng/mg protein), but with similar level to that of MN (92.12 ± 15.60 ng/mg protein). On the contrary, lipid peroxidation in RFR-fed animals increased RFR (1.32 ± 0.2 µM malondialdehyde/g of tissue), CCR (0.86 ± 0.07 µM malondialdehyde/g of tissue), WN (0.89 ± 0.09 µM malondialdehyde/g of tissue), but their thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration is similar to that of MN group (1.50 ± 0.2 µM malondialdehyde/g of tissue). Consumption of cocoa powder as a source of antioxidants favors the restoration of the concentration of glutathione and reduces the damage caused by oxidative stress during nutritional recovery in rat brain.


Subject(s)
Brain/drug effects , Cacao/chemistry , Malnutrition/therapy , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Animals , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Brain/pathology , Dietary Supplements , Disease Models, Animal , Food , Glutathione/drug effects , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Malnutrition/complications , Rats , Rats, Wistar
3.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 57(6): 311-9, jun. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286247

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La edad en que los niños controlan sus movimientos se utiliza frecuentemente como indicador del nivel de desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el desarrollo motor grueso, de niños de 0 a 3 años de edad, en función de género, nivel socioeconómico y estimulación disponible en el hogar, y elaborar una escala de desarrollo aplicable a la población rural mexicana.Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 82 niños en los que se evaluó el desarrollo motor utilizando la escala para el diagnóstico del desarrollo de Gesell, modificada para su calificación por Cravioto. Se observó que utilizando esta forma de calificación, los niños se ubican por debajo de la norma propuesta por Gesell. Por esta razón, empleando el orden y la edad a la que se presentaron las conductas de desarrollo motor en el total de los niños examinados, se construyó una escala, con la cual se realizaron comparaciones, en función de género, nivel socioeconómico y calificación total en estimulación disponible en el hogar. Resultados. Los datos indican que el nivel socioeconómico alto tiene mejores calificaciones a la misma edad y género que los niños de familias de medio y bajo índice socioeconómico. Por género se observó que el femenino abandona tempranamente el gateo y presenta tardíamente la conducta de correr respecto al masculino. Por disponibilidad total de estimulación en el hogar se observó que los niños con calificación alta abandonan el gateo y presentan la conducta de correr a más temprana edad que los de baja calificación. Conclusiones. Esta escala ajustada para la población estudiada, permitió discriminar con niveles de significancia estadística el desarrollo motor en función del nivel socioeconómico del niño. Se propone el uso de esta escala como norma para la evaluación de la población infantil en el área rural mexicana. Desarrollo motor; clase socioeconómica; estimulación en el hogar; prueba de Gesell.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Psychomotor Performance , Rural Population , Sex , Social Class , Behavioral Symptoms , Physical Stimulation/methods , Evaluation Study , Mexico , Prone Position , Supine Position
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