ABSTRACT
SETTING: Several projects involving accelerated or active case finding (ACF) of tuberculosis (TB) cases are being implemented in Myanmar. However, there is a concern that patients detected using ACF have poorer TB treatment outcomes than those detected using passive case finding (PCF). OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in the demographics, clinical profile and treatment outcomes of patients detected using ACF and PCF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of TB patients diagnosed and enrolled for treatment during 2014-2016. RESULTS: Of 16 048 patients enrolled, 2226 (16%) were detected using ACF; the treatment success rate (cured and completed) was 88%. A higher proportion of cases detected using ACF were aged î¶55 years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative and sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB. After adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, we found that treatment outcomes in patients detected using ACF and PCF were not significantly different (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.89, 95%CI 0.78-1.00). Male sex, age î¶ 55 years, patients with a previous history of TB and HIV positivity were independently associated with unsuccessful outcomes. CONCLUSION: ACF detected a significant proportion of TB cases in study townships; treatment outcomes in cases detected using ACF and those detected using PCF were similar. More tailored interventions are needed to improve treatment outcomes in patients at a higher risk of unsuccessful treatment outcomes.
Subject(s)
Case Management/organization & administration , Mass Screening/methods , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mass Screening/organization & administration , Middle Aged , Myanmar/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sputum/microbiology , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
This study was to determine the dental caries prevalence among the Myanmar population, and to investigate the correlations between oral clinical indices and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on oral health. Subjects were randomly selected from 140,000 people residing in the Kyauktan township in a cross-sectional community-based study. The present analysis was confined to 739 subjects (353 males and 386 females) aged 12, 35-44 and 65-74 years, who were divided into two specified groups based on urban or rural location. KAP on oral health data and social demographic information were collected, while dental caries status was assessed by DMFT. The mean number of decayed teeth (DT) in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, while the mean number of filled teeth (FT) in rural areas was lower than that in urban areas. Mean knowledge and attitude scores for correct answers were also significantly higher for the urban than the rural subjects. There were statistically significant correlations between the correct/incorrect responses to knowledge and attitude questionnaires on oral health and the mean number of DMFT. KAP pertaining to oral health of Myanmar population, especially those of rural subjects, might not be satisfactory and related to threaten their dental caries status.
