ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of divided attention on the production of filled pauses and repetitions. Attention was divided by means of a dual-task paradigm. Eighteen nonstuttering adult subjects performed a picture story-telling task, with and without simultaneously performing a tactile-form recognition task. Results indicate that the number of filled pauses and repetitions increased in a situation of divided attention. This suggests that the production of filled pauses and repetitions, which are considered to be reactions to problems in speech planning, is governed by processes that operate relatively independently of the available attentional resources. It was speculated that these disfluencies could be automatic reactions to the increased planning difficulties induced by the concurrent task.
Subject(s)
Attention , Speech Perception/physiology , Verbal Behavior , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Periodicity , Photic Stimulation , Random Allocation , Speech Production MeasurementABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to examine effects of time pressure on mechanisms of speech production and self-monitoring. The most widely accepted monitoring theory (Levelt, 1989) suggests that monitoring proceeds through language perception, that is, speech error detection is primarily based on the parsing of one's own inner and overt speech. Twenty-four subjects described visual networks at two different rates (normal and fast). The time pressure manipulation affected a number of temporal characteristics: the error to cutoff and cutoff to repair times were shorter in the fast than in the normal condition. The results indicate that the monitor adjusts its speed of error detection and repair planning to the faster speech output rate. The time pressure manipulation did not affect the accuracy of error detection. The implications for the perception theory of monitoring are discussed.
Subject(s)
Self Efficacy , Speech , Verbal Behavior , Adolescent , Adult , Cognition , Electronic Data Processing , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Psychological Theory , Random Allocation , Speech Production Measurement , Time Factors , Time PerceptionABSTRACT
The present study examined to what extent patients with Broca's aphasia and healthy controls rely upon prearticulatory and postarticulatory monitoring processes for detecting and repairing errors in speech production. Monitoring skills were investigated in a speaking situation with normal auditory feedback, a speaking situation with white noise, and a situation in which errors had to be detected in other-produced speech. The results demonstrated that the Broca's aphasics repaired a lower percentage of errors than the controls in the situation with normal auditory feedback, whereas their performance in the noise-masked condition was comparable. In contrast to the controls, the aphasics did not suffer from the presence of white noise. In addition, the proportion of covert repairs was higher for the Broca's aphasics than for the healthy controls. These findings indicate that Broca's aphasics concentrate primarily on prearticulatory monitoring. Possible explanations for this strong reliance on prearticulatory monitoring processes are discussed.
