[Experience in the use of the Soviet ultrasonic devices "Ritm" and "Ekran" in cardiosurgical practice]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia otechestvennykh ul'trazvukovykh priborov "Ritm" i "Ekran" v kardiokhirurgicheskoi klinike.

The study is performed to evaluate opportunities of the echotacho-cardiograph Ritm in detecting the velocify of ventricular wall motions by using the Doppler effect and the echocardioscope Ekran++ that provides display and photography of the heart in the B-mode. In combination with a focusing probe, Ritm is a portable, easy in operation model. When operating with a high frequency recorder it indicates the Doppler signals from different myocardium sites at all stages of the surgical intervention. With the model Ekran++ one can display the heart in real time during surgery as well as evaluate anatomic and dynamic interactions between various cardiac structures that is of great importance in making decisions on surgical tactics and methods.

[Results of focused and projector ultrasonic Doppler cardiovalvulography (a study of patients with pulmonary normo- and hypertension)]. / Rezul'taty fokusirovannoi i prozhektornoi ul'trazvukovoi doppler-kardioval'vulografii (issledovanie bol'nykh s legochnoi normo- i gipertenziei.

A comparative study of the results of Doppler cardiovalvulography using standard (projector) and original focused ultrasound source is reported. Patients with mitral stenosis is reported. Patients with mitral stenosis and normal or elevated pulmonary pressure were investigated. The focused source was shown to yield unmodified information on the movement of the valves, whereas the projector source recorded the sum total of Doppler signals from the anterior and posterior walls as well as some intracardiac structures. The desired pure signal from the valve was not possible to isolate by either frequency selection, or any other techniques. Valvular movement patterns were shown for cases of pulmonary hypertension that were undetectable by the projector source. The focused source of ultrasound can be used to detect the moments of valvular opening and closing in the absence of sound equivalents.

[Properties and localization of Mg- and Ca-ATpase activities in wheat embryo cell nuclei]. / Svoistva i lokalizatsiia Mg-i Ca-AtPaznykh aktivnostei v kletochnykh Iadrakh zarodyshei pshenitsy.

The isolated nuclei of wheat embryo possess the ATPase activity. The addition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ significantly increases the activities of nuclear ATPases, whereas Hg2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ inhibit the activity. The activating effect of Mg2+ is enhanced by an addition of Na and K ions. The activity of wheat embryo nuclear Mg-ATPase is higher than its Ca-ATPase activity; both ATPases also differ in their pH optima. Separation of total nuclear protein according to the solubility of its individual protein components in wheat and strong salt solutions, using the detergents, as well as ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis do not result in separation of Mg-activated and Ca-activated ATPases, although their levels of activities and ratios change in the course of fractionation. The Mg- and Ca-ATPase activities of the wheat embryo nuclei were found in the nuclear fraction of albumin, in nonhistone proteins and nuclear membranes. In the albumin nuclear fraction and subfractions of non-histone proteins the higher level of activity is observed in Ca-ATPase, whereas in the nuclei and soluble fractions of residual proteins in Mg-ATPase.

[Participation of polyvalent metals in the evolution of oxidoreductases]. / Uchastie polivalentnykh metallov v évoliutsii oksidoreduktaz.

The study of the participation of metals in evolution of oxidation-reduction processes is subdivided into two periods. During the first of them, from 1897 to 1937, the significance of manganese, iron, titanium, molybdenum, vanadium and copper in most important processes of metabolism was discovered. The second period, from 1937 to 1977, was devoted to the study of the role of metals in individual representatives of oxidoreductases and their evolution during transition of organisms from anaerobiosis to aerobiosis. In this evolution of special importance were bimetallic enzymes, such as nitrogenase, some nitrate reductases and hydrogenases, carbon dioxide reductase, xanthine oxidase, cytochrome oxidase. Owing to their ability to accomplish conjugated oxidation-reduction reactions, these oxidoreductases were transitional to still more complicated polymetallic systems with whose participation the electron transfer chains in subcellular structures were formed.

[Study of membrane-bound ribosomes during pea chloroplasts formation]. / Izuchenie membranosviazannykh ribosom v Sviazi s formirovaniem khloroplastov gorokha

Membrane-bound ribosomes of chloroplasts, isolated from pea seedlings during grana formation, can be partially liberated by 0.5 M KCl and 0.001 M puromycin. In case of mature chloroplasts, after the completion of grana formation process these agents are inefficient, and liberation of ribosomes and polyribosomes may be achieved only after solubilization of thylakoid membranes by 1% Triton X-100. Electron microscopic study of the heavy membrane fraction of young chloroplasts reveals electron-transparent membranes, containing rings and discs of thylakoids with a diameter of about 2 mum. These rings are liberated together with ribosomes under the action of 0.5 M KCl; Triton X-100 liberates equally-sized annular polyribosomes. The rings detected in chloroplast membranes at early stages of development are regarded as structures, precursor grana thylakoids, and the annular polyribosomes included into them as immediate participants of thylakoid morphogenesis.

[Comparison of histone-like proteins from blue-green algae with ribosomal basic proteins of alga and wheat germ histones]. / Sravnenie gistonopodobnykh belkov sine-zelenoi vodorosli Anacystis nidulans s osnovnymi belkami ribosom vodorosli i gistonami zarodyshei pshenitsy

Histone-like proteins was found in blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans, which has no nucleus. F2b2, F2a2, F2a1 fractions were found in histone-like algae proteins and no fraction F1. Content of basic amino acids (arginine being prevailing in algae protein) is quite identical in histone-like algae proteins and in wheat germs histones, while the content of acid amino acids is considerably higher in algae. The presence in procaryotic cells of basic proteins similar in a number of properties to histones of higher organisms suggests that these proteins are evolutionary precursors of eucaryotic histones.

[Studies on the activity of aldolase from rabbit muscles in the presence of liposomes]. / Izuchenie aktivnosti al'dolazy iz m'shts krolika v prisutstvii liposom

Electronmicroscopic studies have been made on the structure of liposomes obtained by the method of Bangham [13] with subsequent ultrasonic desintegration. The effect of muscle aldolase on the structure of liposomes was also investigated. Parallel studies were made on the effect of storage of liposomes upon the activity of aldolase. It was shown that liposomes obtained from chromatographically pure egg lecithin present discrete partially aggregated bodies, 1.000-3.000 A in size, composed by concentric layers, which have a dimension of approximately 40 A and periodicity of about 70 A. Interaction of these particles with the protein results into their desintegration and enlargement, this process being accompanied by the formation of a "fringe" at the edge of the particles. Aldolase activity in these systems in higher than in control. During storage of phosphatide-aqueous system, obtained by the metod of Bungenberg de Jong, activation of aldolase is gradually replaced by its inactivation.