ABSTRACT
The management of odontogenic infections is a typical part of the spectrum of maxillofacial surgery. Normally these infections can be managed in a straight forward way however under certain conditions severe and complicated courses can arise which require interdisciplinary treatment including intensive care. A retrospective analysis of all patients affected by an odontogenic infection that received surgical therapy from 2004 to 2011 under stationary conditions was performed. Surgical treatment consisted in incision and drainage of the abscess supported by additional i.v. antibiotic medication in all patients. Detailed analysis of all patients that required postoperative intensive medical care was additionally performed with respect to special risk factors. During 8 years 814 patients affected by odontogenic infections received surgical treatment under stationary conditions representing 4% of all patients that have been treated during that period (n = 18981). In 14 patients (1.7%) intensive medical therapy after surgery was required, one lethal outcome was documented (0.12%). In all of these 14 patients a history of typical risk factors was present. According to these results two patients per week affected by an odontogenic infection required stationary surgical treatment, about two patients per year were likely to require additional intensive medical care. If well-known risk factors are present in patients affected by odontogenic infection appropriate interdisciplinary management should be considered as early as possible.
Subject(s)
Abscess/epidemiology , Tooth Diseases/epidemiology , Abscess/surgery , Administration, Intravenous , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cause of Death , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Drainage/statistics & numerical data , Female , Focal Infection, Dental/epidemiology , Focal Infection, Dental/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tooth Diseases/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
[C(6)F(5)Xe][AsF(6)] was prepared by metathesis from [C(6)F(5)Xe][(C(6)F(5))(2)BF(2)]. The thermal stability of the melt (=125 degrees C) is surprisingly high. The decomposition products reveal the ability of the cation to effect electrophilic pentafluorophenylation. [C(6)F(5)Xe][AsF(6)] crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P&onemacr;, with four molecules in the unit cell. Of these, two are symmetry independent with Xe-C distances of 2.079(6) and 2.082(5) Å, Xe-F distances (cation-anion contacts) of 2.714(5) and 2.672(5) Å, and C-Xe-F angles of 170.5(3) and 174.2(3) degrees, respectively. The relation between cations and anions is best described as an asymmetric hypervalent (3c-4e) bond. Temperature dependent (19)F NMR measurements reveal the occurrence of separated ions in solution, with [C(6)F(5)Xe](+) coordinated by a basic solvent molecule. Minimum energy geometries and charge distributions were calculated for [C(6)F(5)Xe](+), [C(6)H(5)Xe](+), [C(6)F(5)](+), [C(6)H(5)](+), [CF(3)Xe](+), [CH(3)Xe](+), [C(6)F(5)Ng](+) (Ng = Kr, Ar, Ne, He), and [C(6)F(5)Xe][AsF(6)] at the ab initio RHF/LANL2DZ level. According to these calculations, C-Ng cations with short C-Ng distances are stable when the natural charge of the noble gas carries the main part of the positive net-charge and the ipso-C atom is not positive. In [C(6)F(5)Xe](+), for example, 89% of the positive charge is concentrated on Xe.