ABSTRACT
Biodegradable bone adhesives represent a highly sought-after type of biomaterial which would enable replacement of traditional metallic devices for fixation of bone. However, these biomaterials should fulfil an extremely large number of requirements. As a consequence, bone-adhesive biomaterials which meet all of these requirements are not yet commercially available. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides an extensive overview of the development of bone adhesives from a translational perspective. First, the definition, classification, and chemistry of various types of bone adhesives are highlighted to provide a detailed overview of this emerging class of biomaterials. In this review we particularly focused studies which describe the use of materials that are capable of gluing two pieces of bone together within a time frame of minutes to days. Second, this review critically reflects on i) the experimental conditions of commonly employed adhesion tests to assess bone adhesion and ii) the current state-of-the-art regarding their preclinical and clinical applicability.
ABSTRACT
Polymersomes, composed of amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA), with the periphery being covered with azide groups, were used for further functionalization using "click" chemistry.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Azides/chemistry , Polystyrenes/chemistry , Acrylic Resins/chemical synthesis , Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry , Polystyrenes/chemical synthesis , Streptavidin/chemistryABSTRACT
Biohybrid amphiphiles have been prepared from terminal azide functionalised polystyrene and an alkyne functionalised peptide or protein via a Cu(I) catalysed Huisgen [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
Subject(s)
Copper/chemistry , Nanostructures , Peptides , Proteins , Surface-Active Agents , Azides/chemistry , Catalysis , Cyclization , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Molecular Structure , Peptides/chemical synthesis , Peptides/chemistry , Polystyrenes/chemistry , Proteins/chemical synthesis , Proteins/chemistry , Surface Properties , Surface-Active Agents/chemical synthesis , Surface-Active Agents/chemistryABSTRACT
Polymeric building blocks containing terminal azide and alkyne functionalities are prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and used to modularly synthesize block copolymers via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which are quantitative according to SEC measurements.
