Efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block and intraligamentary anesthesia in the extraction of primary mandibular molars: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: The study aims to compare the effectiveness and quality of intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for primary mandibular molar extraction. Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical study included patients aged 5 to 13 years scheduled for primary mandibular molar extraction. A total of 208 participants were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 104 each group), IANB and ILA, who were administered 2% lignocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. Patients rated their pain during injection and extraction (VAS pain score). Frankl's behavior rating score, quality of anesthesia as perceived by clinician, and duration of procedure were recorded. Demographic and other variables were analysed using Pearson x2 test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Fisher exact test, or an analysis of variance, as appropriate. Results: In patients who received IANB, the clinician reported a slightly better quality of anesthesia (p = 0.19) than those who received ILA (VAS score 1.3 ± 0.7 Vs 1.6 ± 0.4). Mean (±SD) score for pain during extraction were found be 1.7 (±0.6) for the IANB group and 1.8 (±0.5) for the ILA group. The clinician observed 46.2% of patients in the IANB group and 39.4% of patients in the ILA group had no discomfort during extraction. Frankl's behavior score was negatively correlated with the quality of anesthesia and the time taken to complete the extraction (p = 0.017 and p = 0.053, respectively). Conclusion: The efficacy of conventional ILA was similar to IANB, and thus ILA might be a good alternative to the IANB while extracting primary mandibular molars.

Primary malignant tumors of orofacial region at Benghazi, Libya: a 17 years review.

The aim of this study was to systematically analyze the clinical presentations of orofacial malignant tumors in a Libyan population over a period of 17 years and compare the results with the reports from other countries. During the study period, tumors of epithelial origin were found in 160 patients (82%), followed by tumors of immune system, 22 (11%) and tumors of mesenchymal origin, 14 (7%). Of the total malignant tumors, 115 were men and 81 were women and the male to female ratio was 1.41:1. Malignant non-odontogenic tumors were seen in 194 patients (99%) and malignant odontogenic tumors were seen in 2 patients (1%). Among the epithelial tumors, squamous cell carcinoma (50.6%) was the most common neoplasm, followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (15%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (8.7%). The incidence of oral malignancy is impressively low with respect to the corresponding levels in other countries in Africa and some European countries.

Incidence of mandibular fractures in Eastern part of Libya

The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the incidence of mandibular fractures in the eastern part ofLibya and to present our experience in treating this type of facial fracture. We analyzed factors such as the incidenceof age, sex, time distribution, cause and site of the fracture and the associated injuries in 493 patients presentinga total of 666 mandibular fractures. These patients were treated at Al-Jala Trauma Hospital, Benghazi-Libyabetween 2000 and 2006. The results were obtained from 432 males and 61 females, for which the ages ranged from8 months to 72 years. The maximum number of the patients was recorded in 2004, and the busiest month was May.The most common cause of fracture was road traffic accidents and the most common site was the parasymphysis.Among those treated with closed reduction were 241 patients, whereas 201 patients were treated with open reduction.In conclusion, we found that the results were similar to most studies from developing countries and were incontrast to other studies. This may be due factors such as geography, socioeconomic trends, religion, road trafficlegislation and seasons, which differ from one country to another. The period during which there was an embargoin Libya also appears to have affected the results (AU)

Incidence of mandibular fractures in Eastern part of Libya.

The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the incidence of mandibular fractures in the eastern part of Libya and to present our experience in treating this type of facial fracture. We analyzed factors such as the incidence of age, sex, time distribution, cause and site of the fracture and the associated injuries in 493 patients presenting a total of 666 mandibular fractures. These patients were treated at Al-Jala Trauma Hospital, Benghazi-Libya between 2000 and 2006. The results were obtained from 432 males and 61 females, for which the ages ranged from 8 months to 72 years. The maximum number of the patients was recorded in 2004, and the busiest month was May. The most common cause of fracture was road traffic accidents and the most common site was the parasymphysis. Among those treated with closed reduction were 241 patients, whereas 201 patients were treated with open reduction. In conclusion, we found that the results were similar to most studies from developing countries and were in contrast to other studies. This may be due factors such as geography, socioeconomic trends, religion, road traffic legislation and seasons, which differ from one country to another. The period during which there was an embargo in Libya also appears to have affected the results.