Adiponectin predicts cardiovascular events in diabetes dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVES: Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory adipokine with anti-atherogenic actions in the general population. In dialysis patients it is unclear whether adiponectin conserves its protective value or is, on the contrary, associated to worse prognosis. We assessed the predictive value of adiponectin for atherosclerosis related cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic dialysis patients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Prevalent diabetic dialysis patients from three dialysis units (n=77) were enrolled in a 3years' prospective observational study. Serum adiponectin, clinical and laboratory parameters were determined at baseline; new occurrence of atherosclerosis related events (coronary events, atherosclerosis obliterans, and stroke) was recorded. RESULTS: Baseline adiponectin was 17.25(9.53-31.97) µg/mL and significantly correlated to HDL cholesterol (r=0.29, p=0.01), triglycerides (r=-0.40, p=0.0004), ferritin (r=-0.29, p=0.02), transferrin (r=-0.28, p=0.02), and uric acid (r=-0.24, p=0.04). In multivariate analysis association to triglycerides (p=0.001), HDL cholesterol (p=0.01) and ferritin (p=0.04) remained significant. 36 new fatal and non-fatal new cardiovascular events occurred, 29 patient died. Cox proportional regression analysis showed that adiponectin below or above a ROC-derived cut-off of 27.33µg/mL significantly influenced event-free survival: hazard ratio (HR) 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09-5.66), p=0.031 along with fasting glucose HR 1.01, 95%CI(1.00-1.02), p=0.01 and history of cardiovascular events at inclusion HR 3.16, 95%CI(1.36-7.32), p=0.007. In multivariate analysis baseline adiponectin HR 5.02, 95%CI(0.98-25.06), p=0.05 and glycemia HR 1.01, 95%CI(1.00-1.02), p=0.01 influenced event-free survival. Adiponectin also predicted cardiovascular events in patients without cardiovascular disease at inclusion but was not associated to overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In diabetes dialysis patients low adiponectin favors occurrence of atherosclerosis related cardiovascular events.

Topical Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Benign external genital and perianal warts (condylomata acuminata) are disfiguring, displeasing skin tumours caused by human papillomavirus that may vitally burden affected patients and their partners. Current treatment options are still unsatisfactory due to low efficacy, high recurrence rates or an unfavourable side-effect profile. Although most recently prophylactic vaccines have been recommended for adolescent women, appropriate treatment modalities for anogenital warts are still needed. Green tea catechins exert antiviral, antioxidative, antiproliferative and immunostimulatory activity. Polyphenon E (MediGene AG, Munich, Germany), a proprietary extract of green tea leaves, was therefore investigated for the topical treatment of this frequent viral disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate Polyphenon E 15% and 10% ointment for efficacy and safety in the treatment of anogenital warts in immunocompetent men and women. METHODS: Five hundred and three patients were randomized to receive either Polyphenon E 15% or 10% ointment or matching vehicle. The topical treatment was self-applied by the patients three times daily to all warts. Assessment of response and of adverse events was performed biweekly until complete clearance of all (baseline and new) anogenital warts or for up to 16 weeks. Recurrence was evaluated during a 12-week treatment-free follow-up period for patients with complete clearance. RESULTS: About 53% of patients treated with Polyphenon E 15% ointment showed complete clearance of all baseline and new anogenital warts, 51% for Polyphenon E 10% ointment, and 37% for vehicle (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively; two-sided Fisher's exact test; intent-to-treat population, last observation carried forward analysis). Women responded better than men, with about 60% of women and 45% of men in both active groups achieving complete clearance of all warts. Time to complete clearance was comparable for both strengths of Polyphenon E ointment. About 78% of all patients treated with either Polyphenon E 15% or 10% ointment showed wart clearance rates of 50% or better. Less than 6% and 4% of patients in the Polyphenon E 15% and 10% ointment groups experienced wart recurrence during follow-up. Polyphenon E ointments demonstrated a good safety profile with the majority of all adverse events being local application site reactions assessed as mild or moderate. Local reactions declined during continued treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that Polyphenon E ointment is an efficacious and safe patient-applied topical treatment for external genital and perianal warts. Its use in intra-anal, intravaginal and cervical condylomas and other intraepithelial lesions warrants further clinical investigation.

In vivo effect of lipoic acid on lipid peroxidation in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: The diabetic state, in both humans and experimental animals, is associated with oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation of nerve membranes has been suggested as a mechanism by which peripheral nerve ischemia and hypoxia could cause neuropathy. Lipoic acid (LA) is a powerful inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species. The treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy with LA is based on good clinical and experimental evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the magnitude of the oxidative stress, serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) and lipid peroxide (Lp) levels were measured in 10 patients with diabetic neuropathy, before and 70 days after treatment with single dose of 600 mg LA/day. For other 12 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects the serum Cp and Lp levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results show that hyperglycemia is a factor for an increase in serum ceruloplasmin in patients with diabetic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). High serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) level in patients with diabetes may be related to antioxidant defense. The treatment of diabetic neuropathy with LA does not affect significantly the serum Cp activity. The serum Lp levels after LA administration were significantly lower (p < 0.005) than those before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant therapy with LA improves and may prevent diabetic neuropathy. This improvement is associated with a reduction in the indexes of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress appears to be primarily due to the processes of nerve ischemia and hyperglycemia autooxidation.

[Multiple cutaneous cylindromas associated with parotid and submandibular gland cylindromas]. / Cylindromes cutanés multiples associés à des cylindromes des glandes parotide et sous-mandibulaire.

BACKGROUND: Multiple cutaneous cylindromas are uncommonly associated with extracutaneous cylindromas. An association between cutaneous cylindromas and salivary gland cylindromas would probably not be fortuitous. CASE REPORT: A 66-year-old man developed multiple cutaneous cylindromas and cylindromas situated in the parotid and submaxillary gland. Histology was similar for both localizations. DISCUSSION: This association was probably not fortuitous as the histology was similar, other cases have been reported in the literature, and recent complaint concerned the development of multiple cutaneous cylindromas and salivary gland cylindromas. Salivary gland cylindromas should be searched for in patients who develop cutaneous cylindromas as they are more aggressive in nature.

Effect of percutaneous absorption of fluocinolone acetonide on the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status in patients with psoriasis.

This study defines a modification of antioxidant systems by percutaneous absorption of fluocinolone acetonide. Total antioxidant status (TAS) provides an overall indication of antioxidant status. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a primary antioxidant, accelerates the dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical produced during the oxidative energy processes into the less harmful molecules, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. We monitored the level of SOD and TAS in 7 males with psoriasis and 6 control subjects before and after a single application of fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% ointment to 90% of the body. The results showed that the plasma level of TAS was significantly increased (p < 0.02) at 24 h posttreatment. The erythrocytic level of SOD was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) only at 12 h after glucocorticosteroid application. The level of TAS and SOD in patients with psoriasis was also significantly increased (p < 0.01 for both situations) as compared to healthy controls. Our study suggests that fluocinolone acetonide as a therapeutic agent may play a role in the oxidative stress in skin diseases.