[Which patients with ovarian cancer shows the combination of trabectedin with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin].

Given the high rate of recurrence of ovarian cancer, the search for new therapeutic strategies are topical issue. According to various studies the effectiveness of drug treatment relapse depends on the platinum-free interval, increasing in proportion to its duration. If therapy is platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is a standard approach, the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent algorithm is not fully defined. Comparison of platinum and non-platinum combinations revealed the advantage of combined platinum- treatment for patients with platinum-free interval of more than 6 months without an increase in life expectancy. Non-platinum combination of trabected in with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has shown comparable efficacy with an advantage in overall survival in patients with platinum-free interval of 6-12 months. A platinum-free interval prolongation by the use of non-platinum mode increases the efficiency of subsequent platinum-based therapy, increasing the life expectancy of patients. Currently under study molecular markers and prognostic factors allowing to define a group of patients who have the greatest benefit from the use trabectedin with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as second-line chemotherapy.

[Study on efficacy and toxicity of new combined regimen "taxoter + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil" in disseminated and locally-spread stomach cancer. Comparative analysis of tolerance and efficacy in patients younger and older than 65 years].

The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3-drugs regimen: T 75 mg/m2 d2 + P 75 mg/m2 d2 + F 500 mg/m2 x 3h d 1-3 every 28 days. 31 patients (pts) with morphologically proven advanced gastric cancer of the age 29-77 years (median 61.0) have been treated with this regimen. They received 138 cycles (1-10, median 4.0 cycles per pt). The response rate was evaluated in pts received > or =2 cycles: CR 1/27 (3.7%), PR 12/27 (44.4%), SD 7/27 (25.9%), PD 7/27 (25.9%). The median duration of CR+PR--4.5 mon (1.1-9.9), of SD--6.8 mon (3.0-10.7). Median TTP--5.5 mon. Overall survival: median--11.5 mon, 1-year--46.6%. PS improvement was observed in 54.8%pts, symptomatic improvement--in 71% pts. Toxicity per pt (per cycle) was moderate. There were 11 elderly among these pts. We didn't receive any significant differences in efficacy and severe toxicity in this group compared to non-elderly pts. We observed 55.6% PR, 33.3% SD, 11.1% PD, TTP--4.6 mon, median OS-7.5 mon. in elderly and 5.6% CR, 38.9% PR, 22.2% SD, 33.3 % PD, TTP--6.1 mon, median OS-12.3 mon for non-elderly pts. But dose reduction was performed more frequently in the elderly then non-elderly: 63.6% vs 30.0% pts (p = 0.07) in 64.8% vs 19.1% cycles (p < 0.0001). We consider this regimen to be effective and well tolerated both for elderly and for non-elderly patients.

[Experience in treating elderly patients with disseminated stomach and colon cancer]. / Opyt lecheniia pozhilykh bol'nykh disseminirovannym rakom zheludka i tol'stoi kishki.

Colorectal and gastric cancer in usually diagnosed in elderly patients. In metastatic disease systemic chemotherapy has been shown to be of clinical benefit for patients in term of prolongation of survival, symptomatic improvement and quality of life. Compared to its younger counterparts 5-FU-based treatment appears to be equally effective and more toxic according to some reports. Data regarding raltitrexed, oral fluoropyprimidines, Campto or oxaliplatin are limited but suggest no age-specific differences in activity or toxicity. Our experience of using chemotherapy with 5-FU-based combinations, oxaliplatin, Campto, raltitrexed in limited groups of elderly patients confirms this opinion.

[Aranoza -- a new Russian antineoplastic drug]. / Aranoza--novyi otechestvennyi protivoopukholevyi preparat.

Myelosuppression is a toxicity-related limitation for aranoza dosage. The drug proved effective in the treatment of uterine sarcoma, cancer of the head and neck, breast, Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma during stage II of clinical studies. Complete regression was reported in the treatment of melanoma (ca. 12%). Good results of chemoimmunotherapy should be expected in untreated patients as well as intraarterial infusions for local lesions of the extremities. Clinical trials of aranoza used in combined modalities of therapy in various sites continue.

[Nitrullin -- a new original Russian drug of the nitrosomethylurea group]. / Nitrullin -- novyi original'nyi otechestvennyi preparat iz gruppy nitrozomocheviny.

Hematologic thrombopenia and leukopenia formation limits use of nitrullin as a toxic hazard. The drug showed moderate effect in treating inoperable non-small cell cancer of the lung and satisfactory end results. The treatment had marked symptomatic effect in patients with this cancer and, as a consequence, improved the quality of life. Nutrullin had immuno-modulating effect. Its application alone or in combination with VPN showed good results in the management of small-cell cancer of the lung.

[New recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of solid tumors and principles of the Guidelines for Clinical Practice (GCP)]. / Novye rekomendatsii po otsenke éffektivnosti lecheniia solidnykh opukholei i printsipy raboty po "kachestvennoi klinicheskoi praktike" (GCP).

A new WHO protocol for measuring tumor during clinical studies using upgraded methods of tumor diagnosis was released in 1994. The recommendations based on the examination of over 4,000 patients included measuring greatest diameter of tumor and evaluation of treatment effect by changes of a sum total of largest diameters. Therapeutic effect is established by a decrease in the sum by at least 30%, while tumor progression--by an increase by at least 20%. The GCP provide standards for planning, implementing, monitoring, auditing and documentation of clinical trials and submitting their findings. These standards guarantee the accuracy and reliability of data, patients' rights of health protection and anonymity of those taking part in trials. Today, these rules are binding for the European Community, Japan and the USA. All Russian medical establishments running clinical tests are to observe the rules.

[Cycloplatam in the treatment of patients with disseminated prostatic cancer]. / Tsikloplatam v lechenii bol'nykh rasprostranennym rakom predstatel'noi zhelezy.

A 22% response rate was achieved in clinical trials of Russian drug cycloplatam in disseminated and hormone-resistant cancer of the prostate. In 80% of cases the drug has improved quality of life of patients with prostatic cancer stage III and IV. Antitumor effect and low toxicity make cycloplatam applicable in combined therapy of prostatic cancer.

[Monoclonal antibodies to human small-cell lung cancer]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k melkokletochnomu raku legkogo cheloveka.

Murine monoclonal antibodies to human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have been developed and partially characterized. Primary hybridoma clones were screened in the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on alive H417 cells. Then five clones (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3 and IgM) non-reactive with normal human bone marrow cells and positively reactive with SCLC tumors were selected. The H417.3 antibody is directed against 47-50kD surface antigens of H417 cells. The antibodies are supposed to be applied for the immunodetection of SCLC metastases to bone marrow and immunotoxin preparations.