[Hypernephroma cells in pleural effusions]. / Stanice hipernefroma u pleuralnom izljevu.

A rare case of finding of hypernephroma cells in pleural effusion as well as their cytomorphological picture are presented in this paper. Cytomorphologically, the hypernephroma cells in pleural effusion occurred in clusters from three, four to about twenty of cells and rarely appeared singly. The cytoplasm of the cells appeared to be abundant, not sharply bordered and varied in colour from a light-grey to a slight pink-grey while within the cytoplasm, the small pale vacuoles were visible. The nuclei of the cells were regularly round-to-oval shape with a slight anisonucleosis and contained one, rarely two, a good visible blue nucleoli. Of other cells, erythrocytes were also present together with the cells of mesothelial serosa and lymphocytes. Cytomorphologically, the hypernephroma cells in pleural effusion have the same characteristics as have the hypernephroma cells in metastases of lymph nodes in mediastinum or in metastatic nodes of the lung.

[Changes in the electrocardiogram in patients with sarcoidosis]. / Promjene elektrokardiograma kod bolesnika sa sarkoidozom.

Cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis reflect the presence of granulomata in the myocardium or pulmonary arterial hypertension due to the advanced pulmonary form of the disease. Electrocardiographic changes may point to the form of the underlying pathology. The electrocardiograms of 150 newly diagnosed, untreated sarcoid patients, of whom no one had cardiac symptoms were analysed. Pathologic ECG changes indicative of myocardial sarcoidosis and/or pulmonary arterial hypertension were found in 20 (13.3%) patients. In cases with pathologic changes the ECG following the corticosteroid therapy was examined to test the stability or transitoriness of these changes. Two thirds of them disappeared following the corticosteroid therapy. Patients with the pathologic ECG, compared to the group as a whole, had a significantly more frequent pulmonary form of sarcoidosis and more severe restrictive and obstructive ventilatory changes.