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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 72(7): 231-238, Abr 1, 2021. tab
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-227861

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de inicio temprano y altamente prevalente. Las escalas de evaluación son instrumentos útiles para evaluar los síntomas de TDAH y la ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) es la más usada. Aunque existe una versión para población preescolar, la versión original es muy similar y es más accesible que la versión preescolar en muchos países. Objetivos: Analizar si la versión española de la escala ADHD-RS-IV es válida para la evaluación del TDAH en preescolares. Sujetos y métodos: Padres y profesores evaluaron a 258 niños preescolares entre 3 y 5 años a través de las escalas ADHD-RS-IV original y Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire. Resultados: El ANOVA intrasujetos (edad y sexo) e intersujetos (informante) aporta resultados muy similares a los obtenidos en otros estudios usando la versión preescolar en español. La consistencia interna y la validez convergente también son similares a las notificadas por estudios en Estados Unidos con la versión preescolar. Finalmente, no se encuentran diferencias significativas entre las medias de la versión preescolar en español y las de nuestro estudio. Las medias de padres y profesores en este estudio y en el español son más bajas que en el estudio americano, pero los tamaños del efecto de las diferencias son pequeños. Conclusión: Aunque se recomienda el uso de la versión preescolar si es posible, nuestros resultados sugieren que la versión original de la ADHD-RS-IV es perfectamente válida y útil tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en el clínico, y podría usarse en los países sin datos normativos en preescolares.(AU)


Introduction: ADHD is an early onset and high prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Rating scales are useful measures to assess ADHD symptoms, being the ADHD-RS-IV the most used. Although it exists a preschool version, the original version is very similar and it is more available than the preschool version in many countries. Aim: To analyze whether the Spanish version of the original ADHD-RS-IV scale is useful in preschool samples. Subjects and methods. 258 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years were evaluated by parents and teachers using the original ADHD-RS-IV and SDQ scales. Results: ANOVA between subjects (age group and sex) and within subjects (source) provided results that were very similar to those of other studies using the Spanish preschool version. Internal consistency and convergent validity were also similar to those reported by studies using the U.S. preschool version. Finally, no significant differences were detected between the means reported by Spanish study and those of this study. In both cases, the means of Spanish parents and teachers were lower than those of Americans, but with small effect sizes. Conclusion: Although it is recommended to use the preschool version whenever possible, our results suggest that original version of the ADHD-RS-IV scale is perfectly useful for both researchers and clinicians with preschool samples and it could be used in countries without normative data in preschoolers but do in school-age children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child Development , Psychology, Child , Child Health , Neurology , Nervous System Diseases , Pediatrics , Neuropsychiatry , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/classification , Spain
2.
Rev Neurol ; 72(7): 231-238, 2021 04 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33764492

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: ADHD is an early onset and high prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Rating scales are useful measures to assess ADHD symptoms, being the ADHD-RS-IV the most used. Although it exists a preschool version, the original version is very similar and it is more available than the preschool version in many countries. AIM: To analyze whether the Spanish version of the original ADHD-RS-IV scale is useful in preschool samples. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 258 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years were evaluated by parents and teachers using the original ADHD-RS-IV and SDQ scales. RESULTS: ANOVA between subjects (age group and sex) and within subjects (source) provided results that were very similar to those of other studies using the Spanish preschool version. Internal consistency and convergent validity were also similar to those reported by studies using the U.S. preschool version. Finally, no significant differences were detected between the means reported by Spanish study and those of this study. In both cases, the means of Spanish parents and teachers were lower than those of Americans, but with small effect sizes. CONCLUSION: Although it is recommended to use the preschool version whenever possible, our results suggest that original version of the ADHD-RS-IV scale is perfectly useful for both researchers and clinicians with preschool samples and it could be used in countries without normative data in preschoolers but do in school-age children.


TITLE: Utilidad de la versión española de la ADHD Rating Scale-IV en preescolares.Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de inicio temprano y altamente prevalente. Las escalas de evaluación son instrumentos útiles para evaluar los síntomas de TDAH y la ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) es la más usada. Aunque existe una versión para población preescolar, la versión original es muy similar y es más accesible que la versión preescolar en muchos países. Objetivos. Analizar si la versión española de la escala ADHD-RS-IV es válida para la evaluación del TDAH en preescolares. Sujetos y métodos. Padres y profesores evaluaron a 258 niños preescolares entre 3 y 5 años a través de las escalas ADHD-RS-IV original y Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Resultados. El ANOVA intrasujetos (edad y sexo) e intersujetos (informante) aporta resultados muy similares a los obtenidos en otros estudios usando la versión preescolar en español. La consistencia interna y la validez convergente también son similares a las notificadas por estudios en Estados Unidos con la versión preescolar. Finalmente, no se encuentran diferencias significativas entre las medias de la versión preescolar en español y las de nuestro estudio. Las medias de padres y profesores en este estudio y en el español son más bajas que en el estudio americano, pero los tamaños del efecto de las diferencias son pequeños. Conclusión. Aunque se recomienda el uso de la versión preescolar si es posible, nuestros resultados sugieren que la versión original de la ADHD-RS-IV es perfectamente válida y útil tanto en el ámbito de la investigación como en el clínico, y podría usarse en los países sin datos normativos en preescolares.


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Psychological Tests , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Language , Male
3.
AIDS Behav ; 19(10): 1850-9, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26267253

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to determinate the factors that mediate in the self-reported consistent condom use over the 24-months post-intervention period in adolescents who received COMPAS, a sexual health promotion intervention targeted to Spanish adolescents. Twelve high schools located in Spain were randomized to an intervention or a control group with baseline, immediate-post, 12 and 24-month post-intervention assessments. Self-reported consistent condom use by 24 months post-intervention was the primary outcome. Based on the theory of planned behavior, we identified which theory-based variables mediated the intervention's effect on consistent condom use. Serial multiple mediation analysis indicated that attitudes toward condom use, when there are obstacles to use it, and self-efficacy mediated the COMPAS's effect in increasing consistent condom use. This is the first study that identifies the theoretical constructs that mediate the efficacy of a school-based intervention to promote sexual health in adolescents from Spain.


Subject(s)
Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion/methods , Intention , Self Efficacy , White People/psychology , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Program Evaluation , Reproductive Health , Spain , White People/statistics & numerical data
4.
Child Care Health Dev ; 39(2): 288-95, 2013 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22676274

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Sleep Self-Report (SSR) is a questionnaire initially created for use with a sample from the USA to assess sleep patterns and problems in school-aged children. The objective of this study was to validate the SSR among a Spanish sample. METHODS: Participants were 1228 Spanish children from 8 to 12 years of age who completed the questionnaires at school anonymously. RESULTS: Internal consistency was good (ω = 0.85). Convergent validity with anxiety (r = 0.54) and perceived welfare (r = -0.53) measures, and divergent validity with a measure of academic performance and positive influence of peers (r = -0.22) were acceptable. Exploratory analysis suggested a factorial structure composed by four subscales: sleep quality, sleep anxiety, bedtime refusal and sleep routines. Confirmatory analysis indicated a good fit for the model (RMSEA = 0.04; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.93; χ(2)/gl = 2.48). CONCLUSIONS: The SSR has demonstrated to have good psychometric properties in the Spanish-speaking sample of children. The factorial structure supported by exploratory and confirmatory analysis examines the most relevant areas of sleep in children. The satisfactory psychometric properties support the use of the Spanish version of the SSR by researchers and clinicians.


Subject(s)
Self Report/standards , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
5.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 5(2): 115-120, abr.-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-100432

ABSTRACT

Introducción:Los síntomas de ansiedad en la infancia y adolescencia constituyen un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de los trastornos de ansiedad en etapas evolutivas posteriores. Este estudio examina la frecuencia y características de los síntomas de los principales trastornos de ansiedad en niños y adolescentes empleando una medida de autoinforme basada en las categorías diagnósticas del manual de la APA. Material y métodos:Se trata de un estudio transversal no intervencionista. Participaron 2.522 niños y adolescentes de 8 a 17 años (49% varones), reclutados de diversos colegios de la provincia de Alicante, que completaron la Escala de Ansiedad Infantil de Spence. Resultados:La puntuación media obtenida en la escala (rango: 0-114) fue 25,15 (DT=13,54). El 26,41% de los niños y adolescentes mostraron puntuaciones elevadas en cualquier trastorno de ansiedad. Los síntomas de ansiedad por separación son los más frecuentes en la muestra (5,5%), seguidos por los miedos físicos (5,1%). Las niñas puntúan significativamente más alto en todos los trastornos (p<,001), excepto en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Se hallaron diferencias en función de la edad en todos los trastornos, excepto en los miedos físicos, pero los tamaños del efecto fueron medios únicamente en la ansiedad por separación, que desciende con la edad, y en la ansiedad generalizada, mayor en los adolescentes que en los niños. Conclusiones:Se destaca la importancia de que, desde el ámbito de salud mental, se lleve a cabo una detección temprana de los síntomas de ansiedad en los niños a partir de 8 años para facilitar la intervención y evitar el desarrollo posterior de los trastornos de ansiedad(AU)


Introduction:Anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence are an important risk factor for developing anxiety disorders in subsequent development stages. This study examines the frequency and characteristics of the symptoms of the principal anxiety disorders in children and adoloscents using a self-report questionnaire based on the diagnostic categories of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) manual. Material and methods:A cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted on 2522 children and adolescents form 8 to 17 years (49% males), enrolled from different schools in the Province of Alicante who completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. Results:The mean score obtained on the scale (range: 0-114) was 25.15 (standard deviation (SD)=13.54). More than one in four (26.41%) of the children and adolescents showed high scores in any anxiety disorder. The anxiety symptoms due to separation were the most frequent in the sample (5.5%), followed by physical fears (5.1%). Girls scored significantly higher in all disorders (P<.001), except in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Differences were found as regards age in all disorders, except physical fears, but the effect sizes were only in anxiety due to separation, which decreased with age, and generalised anxiety, which was higher in adolescents than in children. Conclusions:From the mental health perspective, it is important to be able to detect anxiety symptoms in children from 8 years onwards, in order to intervene early and prevent the development of anxiety disorders in later life(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Child Behavior/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/trends , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/trends , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Anxiety, Separation/epidemiology , Anxiety, Separation/psychology
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