Social participation of youths with cerebral palsy differed based on their self-perceived competence as a friend.

BACKGROUND: Social participation with friends fosters development of meaningful relationships, life skills and psychosocial well-being. Youths with cerebral palsy (CP) face challenges to establishing social relationships with friends. The aim of this study was to explore whether social participation with friends differs among youths with CP based on their self-perceived competence as a friend. METHODS: A total of 135 youths with CP, 13-21 years old (mean age 16 years, 50% were male), completed the measures Fulfillment in Social Roles and Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment. Youths were assigned to high, middle and low groups defined by their self-perceived competence as a friend. Differences among the three groups in the number, total frequency and enjoyment of activities done with friends was examined by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analyses of variance. Post hoc analysis of significant effects was performed using a Mann-Whitney U-test or Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. RESULTS: The number (χ(2) = 17.07, d.f. = 2, P < 0.001) and total frequency (χ(2) = 18.35, d.f. = 2, P < 0.001) of activities done with friends differed based on youths' self-perceived competence as a friend. Youths with high self-perceived competence as a friend did the greatest number of activities and participated most often with friends. Youths with low self-perceived competence did the fewest activities and participated least often with friends. No differences were found in the enjoyment of activities done with friends among the three groups (χ(2) = 1.86, d.f. = 2, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For youths with CP, the number and frequency of activities done with friends differed based on self-perceived competence as a friend, but not enjoyment of activities. The results suggest a positive link between social participation and self-perceived competence. Healthcare providers have a role to support youths' efforts to engage with friends by enhancing community opportunities, developing and providing interventions in natural social environments and incorporating peer support into service delivery.

Family needs of parents of children and youth with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the needs of families of children and youth with cerebral palsy (CP) is important for family-centred services. The aims of this study were to identify: (1) differences in the number and types of family needs expressed by parents based on the age and gross motor function level of their children with CP; (2) the most frequent family needs; and (3) needs that differ on gross motor function level. METHODS: A total of 501 parents (77.6% mothers) of children and youth with CP completed a modified version of a Family Needs Survey and a demographic questionnaire. Children's gross motor function level was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. RESULTS: Total number of family needs differed based on gross motor function level (P < 0.001) but not age. Parents of children/youth who use wheeled mobility expressed the highest number of family needs, while parents of children/youth who walk without restrictions expressed the fewest needs. Family needs for Information (P= 0.001), Support (P= 0.001), Community Services (P < 0.001) and Finances (P < 0.001) differed based on children's gross motor function level. Over 50% of parents expressed family needs for information on current and future services, planning for the future, help in locating community activities and more personal time. Parents of children and youth who use wheeled mobility were more likely to express the need for help in paying for home modifications, equipment, services and locating sitters, respite care providers and community activities. CONCLUSIONS: The gross motor function of children/youth with CP has implications for collaboration with families to identify needs and co-ordinate services. Health professionals have a role to assist families with information needs and locating community services and leisure activities. Family needs for future planning suggest that health professionals should assist families to prepare for key periods in the lives of their children with CP.

Effect of otitis media with effusion on gross motor ability in preschool-aged children: preliminary findings.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether gross motor skills in preschool-aged children 24 to 60 months old with otitis media with effusion (OME) are different from those of preschool children without OME. CHILDREN AND METHODS: The gross motor portion of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-GM) was used to compare 13 children with OME before and after tympanostomy tube placement to 12 children without OME. RESULTS: The children with OME had significantly reduced scores preoperatively compared to those without OME on the PDMS-GM. After surgery, the children with OME had higher scores than those without OME, indicating an accelerated rate of development. CONCLUSIONS: Balance and motor development are additional factors to be considered in the medical and surgical management of the young child with chronic OME. Chronic OME may represent an additional problem for young children with existing motor deficits or other disabilities.