[Relationship of insulin dependent metabolic disorders to efficiency of intensive operator's work]. / Vzaimosviaz' insulinozavisimykh metabolicheskikh narushenii i kachestva napriazhennoi operatorskoi deiatel'nosti.

The purpose was to state correlation between insulin-dependent metabolic disorders and efficiency of intensive operator's work. The investigation included 12-hr mission on a flight simulator performed by 50 normal (aged 23-36) flight-qualified pilots. Increase in the number of erroneous actions was in direct correlation with insulin (r = 0.74, p < 0.01) and in reverse correlation with glucose incretion (r = -0.594, p < 0.01) and STH (r = -0.90, p < 0.006). Metabolic tests (glucose and insulin) showed that psychoemotional loading due to the intensive operator's duties led to early fatigue and sharp straining of tissue structures in people with dysregulatory disorders in insulin metabolism. The psychoemotional loading may also provoke dysregulatory disorders and development of insulin-dependent disturbances.

[Dispensary registration groups and follow-up periods of patients with silicotuberculosis]. / O gruppakh dispansernogo ucheta i srokakh nabliudeniia bol'nykh silikotuberkulezom.

Silicosis is the most common and most frequently tuberculosis-complicated pneumoconiosis with poor prognosis. So a procedure for following up patients with silicotuberculosis requires revision and elaboration. Long-term follow-ups have made it possible to define early signs of this disease and to propose a number of techniques for its early diagnosis, such as chest computed tomography and polarization serum crystal microscopy. Specific recommendations on follow-ups of patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis by a phthisiologist are laid down.

[Fat loading test: biochemical criteria and informative value of the physical endurance assessment]. / Biokhimicheskie kriterii zhirovoi nagruzochnoi proby i ee informativnost' v otsenke perenosimosti fizicheskikh nagruzok.

Biochemical criteria of the fat loading test (FLT) were established and the search for interrelations between FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters of dynamic physical testing (bicycle ergometry) was conducted in the experiment with participation of male volunteers. Relative gain in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol concentrations in blood, atherogenicity factor and insulin decrease after 3-hr FLT and reduction in blood concentrations of total cholesterol, insulin, hydrocortisone and testosterone after 9-hr FLT were ranked as reliable criteria. Rise in blood glucose and decrease in blood insulin after 3-hr FLT, and decrease in serum testosterone after 9-hr FLT were found to have prognostic value. Correlation between the FLT biochemical variables and physiological parameters as well as the package of regression analysis equations allow prediction for physical endurance. Yet, analysis of the correlation suggested that desensitization to insulin of the cell membrane cells should be a pathogenic mechanism of physical endurance decrement.

[Effect of acoustic exposure of various duration on the system of insulin regulation in human]. / Vliianie akusticheskikh vozdeistvii razlichnoi prodolzhitel'nosti na sistemu insuliarnoi reguliatsii u cheloveka.

Effects of various periods of acoutic noise on the dynamics of insular indices and associated biochemical parameters were studied in 22 male volunteers aged 20-25. On a balance, experimental and literary data suggest that acoustic noise can increase insulin in blood and cause, during prolonged chronic exposure, development of insulin resistance. At the same time, in individuals with signs of insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia tolerance for the factors of flying activity was reduced; thus, insulin resistance may be considered a premorbid background for metabolic shifts and symptoms of stressogenic illnesses in a delayed period. Changes revealed in the study can be used as biochemical criteria of unfavourable effects of acoustic noise.

[Differential approach to administration of cosaar]. / Differentsirovannye podkhody k naznacheniiu kozaara.

Effects of cosaar (MSD) on central hemodynamics and microcirculation were studied in 20 patients with arterial hypertension under acute pharmacological test and on the treatment week 2, 6 and 8. Two variants of hemodynamic response were registered: hypokinetic and hyperkinetic. Unidirectional hemodynamic changes occurred both in short- and long-term therapy. This allows to use the short course for differential choice of patients for cosaar therapy. The best effect of cosaar is expected in patients with a hyperkinetic variant of the hemodynamic response under the short treatment course.

[Metabolic effects of static physical load under the conditions of pharmakologicheskoi mobilization of physical endurance]. / Metabolicheskie éffekty staticheskoi fizicheskoi nagruzki v usloviiakh farmakologicheskoi vynoslivosti.

The model of static physical loading (SPL) was used to study the biochemical effects of graded static tension and potentiality for pharmacological mobilization of physical endurance with participation of male volunteers. A close pathogenetic linkage between the established metabolic effects of the model and their adaptive adequacy to the stressing factor show that there is every reason to arrange the observed shifts in a SPL syndrome. The SPL syndrome is primarily manifested by exaggerated tone of the adrenoactive structures, inhibition of insulin production by the pancreas, activation of the neuropeptide anti-stress mechanisms, predominant utilization of the lipid substrate in energy production, intensification of protein catabolism, and increase in myocyte membrane permeability due to energy deficit. The investigation demonstrated that improvement of static physical endurance can be attained with a mobilizing stimulator (sidnocarb) and a combination of sidnocarb with a nonmediatory preparation (bemytil). This pharmacological combination levels side-effects of exorbitant activation of the adrenal system. On the contrary, a metabolic vitamin-microelements complex ("cocktail C") perceivably enhances SPL endurance (sidnocarb dose was lowered in three times), possesses the stress-protective effect, the ability to moderate the intensity of free (uninvolved in phosphorylation) oxidation and to optimize energy-plastic processes with predominant utilization of the lipid substrate.

[Informational assets of glucose tolerance test in evaluation of endurance to psychoemotional stress]. / Informativnost' testa tolerantnosti k gliukoze v otsenke perenosimosti psikhoémotsional'nykh nagruzok.

Psychoemotional stresses were simulated in male volunteers in order to evaluate the predictive value of the glucose-tolerance test patterns. As was found, the predictive information is provided by the following parameters: Rafalsky and Boduen coefficients, glucose levels during 60-min testing, and the hypoinsulinemia coefficient. Operator's performance under the condition of time constraint is directly dependent on the insulin content. Based on results of the discriminative analysis key guidelines for classification of individuals by their resistance to the psychoemotional factor were proposed. In view of the informational assets the authors suggest that this approach should be more actively used in development of programs of functional testing of humans in extreme environments. Analysis of determined relationships gave rise to the supposition that desensitization of cell membrane receptors to insulin is the most probable cause for the detriment of the resistance to psychoemotional stresses.

[Current approaches to the diagnosis and correction of atherogenic disorders in flight personnel]. / Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i korrektsii aterogennykh narushenii u letnogo sostava.

The review demonstrates the importance of diagnosing early forms of atherosclerotic disorders in pilots. A particular attention has been given to hyperlipidemia as the leading risk factor accompanied by accumulation of atherogenic lipoproteins in blood. Underlying mechanisms have been analyzed, normal contents of main lipids in blood in various age groups were outlined. Discussed are various outlooks on the diagnostic significance of hyperlipidemias, and a principally new method of calculating the professional biological age. The relation between blood levels of lipids and other immunobiochemical indices has been traced. All round consideration is given to status of the immune system as well as changes preceding and attendant to atherosclerosis, and the role of lipid peroxidation in atherogenesis. The necessity to correct disorders in lipid metabolism with, specifically, dietary measures, pharmacological correction and non-medicinal therapy has been demonstrated. Application of of corrective measures depending on the severity of atherosclerosis is substantiated.

[The effect of calcium antagonists on the biochemical and immune status of hypertension patients]. / Vliianie antagonistov kal'tsiia na biokhimicheskii i immunnyi status u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

The immunological and biochemical parameters were studied in patients with Stage II hypertensive disease (HD) before and 2 months after course treatment with calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine series (siscor and nitrepine). The metabolic mechanisms of the therapeutical action of these drugs were found to affect all specific features of the immune and biochemical status typical of hypertensives. One should identify the priority links which are unambiguously positive and the next links which rank to them, i. e. those manifested themselves in impaired adaptive processes whereby the sick body ensures protection from the disease. The priority links include reduction of hypercortisole- and insulinemia, increase in incretion of testosterone to the reference values, stabilization and sensitization of cellular membranes, decrease of beta 2-microglobulinemia, as well as moderate activation of the immune system and mechanisms of protein synthesis in the cells. The latter links comprise a drop of alpha-cholesterol (HDL) in persistent hypertriglyceridemia, additional tension of hepato- and cardiomyocytic functions, a tendency to cell aging and, partially, reversion of the established sexual hormone ratio.

[Functional possibilities of pancreatic insular apparatus under prolonged conflict situation and use of thyroliberin in glucose]. / Funktsional'nye vozmozhnosti insuliarnogo apparata podzheludochnoi zhelezy v usloviiakh dlitel'nogo vozdeistviia konfliktnoi situatsii i primeneniia tiroliberina pri sakharnoi nagruzke.

Under conditions of a prolonged emotional stress, disturbed regulation of blood sugar level was encountered along with a reduction of the thymus mass in 85.7 of animals. Diminution of the adaptational properties of the organism in such conditions is revealed during a sugar load. Preventive administration of thyroid-releasing hormone in the studied stress reaction makes it possible to maintain the compensatory reserves against the glucose load test.

[Use of the ferrocerone test for measuring iron reserves in different types of daily activities]. / Ispo'lzovanie proby s ferrotseronom dlia opredeleniia rezervov zheleza v razlichnykh usloviiakh zhiznedeiate'lnosti.

A test using an iron containing agent, i.e. ferrocerone, was developed to measure iron reserves in the body. After breakfast the subject took a ferrocerone tablet (0.3 g) containing 0.04 g iron. Iron content was measured in 24 hour urine samples with the aid of bathophenanthroline++. Iron excretion was assessed in 24 ambulatory test subjects, aged 18-21 years. Two basic types differing in the excretion rate in different times of the day. After testing the renal excretion rate of the agent in healthy people was 20.8 +/- 0.7 mg. Iron reserves during head-down tilt tests of various duration were estimated in 20 test subjects, 6 of whom participated in a 50-day study (-6 degrees) and 14 in a 120-day study (-4.5 degrees). Iron utilization was highest on readaptation day 13 (in the 50-day study) and on bed rest days 65-75 (in the 120-day study). Increase in iron requirements coincided in time with the period of hemoglobin recovery.

[Hygienic characteristics of food hydrolysates made from small ocean fish and krill]. / Gigienicheskaia kharakteristika pishchevykh gidrolizatov iz melkoi okeanicheskoi ryby i krilia.

A study was made of the biological value of acid and enzymatic hydrolysates from capelin, luminous anchovy and krill. Hydrolysates were obtained with the use of protosubtilin G-10-X or hydrochloric acid. The products were found to contain 39 to 64% of "crude" protein, with about 40% of total nitrogen belonging to non-protein one, 0.47-2.07% of lipids, 29.7-54.3% of mineral substances including 26.6-52.4% of sodium chloride. All the hydrolysates were limited in tryptophan, the deficiency being more demonstrable in acid hydrolysates. Enzymatic hydrolysate from luminous anchovy was rich in sulfur-containing amino acids (score 112%), whereas the remaining products were marked by their deficiency (score 53-90%). The products were rich in lysine, leucine, isoleucine, and aromatic amino acids. The anabolic efficacy was discovered to be the highest for enzymatic hydrolysate from luminous anchovy, exceeding the analogous characteristics for casein. The biological value of hydrolysate from capelin and krill was lower than that of casein. This was supported by the amino acid analysis data. The assimilability of all hydrolysates was established as fairly high. Hydrolysates are employed for manufacturing broth bricks and pastes.

[Fractional and amino acid composition of krill proteins and the potential for obtaining protein preparations]. / Fraktsionnyi i aminokislotnyi sostav belkov krilia i vozmozhnost' polucheniia iz nego belkovykh preparatov.

Studies of the fractional composition of krill proteins demonstrated that the content of protein fractions changes depending on the time of krill catch. The highest amount of water-soluble proteins is contained by krill caught in December (64%), of salt-soluble by krill caught in June (12%), base-soluble by krill caught in May, September and February (34%). Krill protein contains from 50 to 60% of water- and salt-soluble fractions. Analysis of the amino acid composition of krill proteins showed that it does not differ essentially from that of adequate food proteins.

[Changes in the urea content of blood in hypokinesia]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia mocheviny v krovi pri gipokinezii.

The blood and urine content of urea and creatinine, as well as urea production and creatinine clearance were measured in 9 test subjects exposed to head-down tilting (at -6 degrees) for 8 days. The trend for an increased urea content was more marked in the test subjects with its initially low concentration (3.3-4.2 mmole/l). Variations in the urea concentration were similar and included its decrease during the first day and increase thereafter. Creatinine excretion and clearance declined uniformly and significantly during the first 5 experimental days. No correlation was found between urea concentration and urea production, or between creatinine clearance and urea concentration.

[Dynamics of the biochemical makeup of the blood in cosmonauts during flights]. / Dinamika biokhimicheskogo sostava krovi u kossmonavtov vo vremiia poletov.

Prolonged space flights (15 to 63 days) led to changes in the biochemical composition of the blood that were observed both during and after flight. Blood samples were withdrawn inflight, stored in a special device onboard and analyzed on return to Earth. The data obtained in real flights were compared with those from the 30-day simulation flight. In real and simulated flights the urea content showed the most significant changes. Inflight it increased to 40 mg% versus 31 mg% preflight. The urea content grew on the 3rd-5th flight day, reaching maximum on the 15-30th day and decreasing again afterwards. The content of glucose and inorganic phosphorus increased slightly whereas that of acid-soluble and lipid phosphorus remained unaltered. The level of cholesterol decreased. The striking similarity between the changes in blood biochemistries during real and simulated flights suggests that they are induced by factors other than weightlessness.