[Pharmacological neuroprotection against experimental acute cerebral ischemia of neurons of sensomotor area of frontal cortex and hippocampus in rats].

Emoxypine, thiotriazoline, and NN-103 (a 4-hydrazinoquinasoline derivative) exhibit a pronounced neuroprotective action during acute cerebral stroke. Emoxypine and thiotriazoline are more effective in inhibiting death of neurons in the sensomotor area of the frontal cortex, while NN-103 is more active in the hippocampus. The ischemic death of neurons in the sensomotors area of the frontal cortex with equal probability takes place by karyopyknosis or cytolysis, while in the hippocampus, mainly by cytolysis. All preparations (except for piracetam) with antioxidants properties are powerful membranoprotective agents, which is confirmed by a considerable decrease in the rate of cytolysis both in the cortex and in the hippocampus. The use of piracetam in the case of acute cerebral stroke increases the rate of neuronal death in various areas of the cortex, up to complete destruction of nerve tissues with the formation of cysts (in hippocampus). The tested preparations exhibit different mechanism of neuroprotection: emoxypine and NN-103 (in the sensomotor area of the frontal cortex and hippocampus) and thiotriazoline (in the hippocampus) produce the neuroprotection action on the background of increased activity of transmissions and transcription processes, while thiotriazoline (in the sensomotor area of the frontal cortex) offers neuroprotection on the background of inhibited transcription and transmission activity.

[Quantitative assessment of the processes of insulin synthesis and secretion in B-endocrinocytes of pancreatic islets]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka aktivnosti protsessov sinteza i sekretsii v B-éndokrinotsitakh pankreaticheskikh ostrovkov.

Immunofluorescent methods allowing the detection of different hormones in endocrine cells, are widely used in many works, however, their application is usually limited to the description of qualitative criteria, while the reactions of indirect immunofluorescence permit their quantitative assessment. The purpose of the present work was the definition of the criteria for the quantitative assessment of the activities of the processes of insulin synthesis and secretion in pancreatic B-endocrinocytes by examination of changes of their fluorescence using classical activation of these cells by glucose. The investigations performed indicate that the main parameters of activity of insulin synthesis and secretion in pancreatic B-endocrinocytes are the area occupied by immunoreactive material, its concentration and heterogeneity. As the secretory response of pancreatic B-endocrinocytes is of variable intensity, the classification of these cells into groups with different activity of the processes of insulin synthesis and secretion is proposed. This approach enables the quantitative assessment of the action of different insulotropic agents, opening promising prospects for their further investigation.

[Changes in the cholecystokinin-synthetizing hypothalamic system during experimental diabetes mellitus in rats]. / Izmeneniia kholetsistokinin-sinteziruiushchei sistemy gipotalamusa pri éksperimental'nom sakharnom diabete u krys.

The investigation was performed in 96 Wistar rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Cholecystokinin (CCK) synthesizing neurons were identified in hypothalamic structures using indirect immunofluorescence. In latent period of diabetes (2 wks) number of CCK--immunopositive neurons increases, especially in paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei, while in ventrolateral subnucleus of arcuate nucleus and parvicellular subnucleus of paraventricular nucleus areas occupied by immunoreactive material in neurons and their CCK content are reduced. By the end of wk 5 of the disease increase in number of CCK immunopositive neurons was registered only in medial parvicellular subnucleus of paraventricular nucleus whereas in other structures their number was reduced. The administration of CCK to intact animals causes increase of insulin content in endocrinocytes of pancreatic islets, but does not affect the level of hypoglycemia. The administration of the peptide to animals with diabetes leads to destruction of pancreatic islets, decline in endocrinocyte number and insulin content and marked hypoglycemia. Thus, the data obtained indicate the significant role of hypothalamic peptidergic system and CCK in regulation of beta-endocrinocyte function.