[Laparoscopic surgery in colorectal diseases]. / Cirugía laparoscópica en las enfermedades colorrectales.

The present state of laparoscopic surgery in colorectal diseases is presented, showing results that are superior to open surgery during the hospital stay, infection of the wound and quality of life in the first postoperative month. It is technically possible to carry out all of the techniques of colorectal resection with assisted laparoscopic surgery. The counter-indications depend above all on the state of the patient and his disease: emergency laparoscopy of the colon and rectum barely have a place in the therapeutic arsenal. However, elective surgery contributes a great number of cases, as well as colon cancer, whose laparoscopic approach is only contraindicated if the neighbouring organs are affected or if surgery by laparoscopy is not radical and oncological, due to the case itself or if the surgical team lacks the technique, given that the results for curing cancer are identical to open surgery, with level I scientific evidence. The results of cure and survival from laparoscopic surgery of cancer of the rectum are being studied. A description is given of the details of the surgical technique of right and left colectomies, laparoscopic resections of the rectum and of total colectomy.

Cirugía laparoscópica en las enfermedades colorrectales / Laparoscopic surgery in colorectal diseases

Se presenta el estado actual de la cirugía laparoscópica en las enfermedades colorrectales, que muestra resultados superiores a la cirugía abierta en estancia hospitalaria, infección de herida y calidad de vida en el primer mes postoperatorio. Las indicaciones son cualquier enfermedad colorrectal. Todas las técnicas de resección colorrectal son técnicamente realizables con cirugía laparoscópica asistida. Las contraindicaciones son dependientes sobre todo del estado del paciente y de su enfermedad: la laparoscopia urgente de colon y recto apenas tiene sitio en el armamentario terapéutico. Sin embargo, la cirugía programada aporta una gran cantidad de casos, incluyendo también el cáncer de colon, cuyo abordaje laparoscópico se contraindica sólo si hay afectación de órganos vecinos o si la cirugía por laparoscopia no es radical y oncológica, por razones del caso o de falta de técnica del equipo quirúrgico, dado que los resultados de curación de cáncer son idénticos a la cirugía abierta, con nivel I de evidencia científica. Están en estudio los resultados de curación y supervivencia de la cirugía laparoscópica del cáncer de recto. Se describen los detalles de técnica quirúrgica de las colectomías derecha e izquierda, de las resecciones laparoscópicas del recto y de la colectomía total

The present state of laparoscopic surgery in colorectal diseases is presented, showing results that are superior to open surgery during the hospital stay, infection of the wound and quality of life in the first postoperative month. It is technically possible to carry out all of the techniques of colorectal resection with assisted laparoscopic surgery. The counter-indications depend above all on the state of the patient and his disease: emergency laparoscopy of the colon and rectum barely have a place in the therapeutic arsenal. However, elective surgery contributes a great number of cases, as well as colon cancer, whose laparoscopic approach is only contraindicated if the neighbouring organs are affected or if surgery by laparoscopy is not radical and oncological, due to the case itself or if the surgical team lacks the technique, given that the results for curing cancer are identical to open surgery, with level I scientific evidence. The results of cure and survival from laparoscopic surgery of cancer of the rectum are being studied. A description is given of the details of the surgical technique of right and left colectomies, laparoscopic resections of the rectum and of total colectomy