Family functioning in students of health sciences in four Latin American countries: a study of the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale. A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Psychometric studies of the FACES III scale in Spanish-speaking countries show a lack of agreement on the factorial structure of the scale. In addition, most of the studies have only performed exploratory analyses of its factorial structure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to confirm the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale in nursing and obstetric students from Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. METHODS: A total of 3303 students from the four countries participated in this study (Colombia = 1559, Chile = 1224, Peru = 215, Mexico = 305). RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the Bi-factor model presents the best-fit indexes to the data from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico, but not from Peru. In addition, it was found that this model showed evidence of being strictly invariant among the three countries in the sequence of the invariance models proposed: metric invariance (ΔRMSEA = .000), scalar (ΔRMSEA = .008), and strict (ΔRMSEA = .008). The bi-factor model also showed adequate reliability indexes in the three countries. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the FACES III scale shows adequate psychometric performance under a bi-factor model in nursing and obstetric students from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico. The lack of fit of the model in Peru could be associated with the small sample size.

Family functioning in students of health sciences in four Latin American countries: a study of the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale. A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Psychometric studies of the FACES III scale in Spanish-speaking countries show a lack of agreement on the factorial structure of the scale. In addition, most of the studies have only performed exploratory analyses of its factorial structure. Objective The objective of the present study was to confirm the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale in nursing and obstetric students from Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. Methods A total of 3303 students from the four countries participated in this study (Colombia = 1559, Chile = 1224, Peru = 215, Mexico = 305). Results The results of the study showed that the Bi-factor model presents the best-fit indexes to the data from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico, but not from Peru. In addition, it was found that this model showed evidence of being strictly invariant among the three countries in the sequence of the invariance models proposed: metric invariance (ΔRMSEA = .000), scalar (ΔRMSEA = .008), and strict (ΔRMSEA = .008). The bi-factor model also showed adequate reliability indexes in the three countries. Conclusion It is concluded that the FACES III scale shows adequate psychometric performance under a bi-factor model in nursing and obstetric students from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico. The lack of fit of the model in Peru could be associated with the small sample size.

Factores de riesgo influyentes en consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de covid-19 / Influential risk factors in consumption of psychoactive substances in university students in times of COVID-19

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, teniendo grandes consecuencias en la salud, economía, rendimiento académico, la convivencia familiar y social del individuo consumidor.Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de COVID-19.Materiales y Métodos: Investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 272 estudiantes universitarios de una Universidad de Barranquilla del programa de Enfermería de cuarto, quinto, sexto, séptimo y octavo semestre. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta virtual estuvo dividida en 5 secciones, que comprenden la parte de datos de identificación y sociodemograficos, factores individuales, socioculturales, familiares y psicologicos.Resultados: Realizando el análisis estadístico, predominó el sexo femenino con 69%, y las edades 17- 20 años con 74%. El 79% afirmaban que sí habían consumido sustancias psicoactivas y 58% indicaban que el tipo de sustancia psicoactiva que habían consumido por primera vez era el alcohol.Discusión: En contraste con un estudio realizado por Fernández et al, en el 2021, se encontró que la frecuencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes de la Universidad Simon Bolivar es mayor, con un porcentaje del 74%, por otro lado, el estudio en mención solo el 41.8% consume algun tipo de sustancia psicoactiva (alchohol, tabaco, etc). A través de la investigación realizada permitió evaluar cada uno de los factores que influyen de manera significativa en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas teniendo en cuenta cada una de las variables evaluadas (sociodemográficas, de consumo, individuales, familiares, psicológicas, socioculturales) en tiempos de Covid 19.

Introduction: The consumption of psychoactive substances has become a public health problem, having great consequences on the health, economy, academic performance, family, and social coexistence of the consumer. Objective: To determine the risk factors influencing the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Research with quantitative correlational, cross-sectional descriptive type, with a sample of 272 university students of a University of Barranquilla of the Nursing program of fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth semesters. The instrument used was a virtual survey divided into five sections, comprising identification and sociodemographic data, individual, sociocultural, family, and psychological factors. Results: In the statistical analysis, the predominant sex was female with 69%, and 74% of them aged 17–20 years. Seventy-nine percent stated that they had consumed psychoactive substances, and 58% indicated that the type of psychoactive substance they had consumed for the first time was alcohol. Discussion: In contrast to a study conducted by Fernández et al, in 2021, it was found that the frequency of consumption of psychoactive substances in the students of the Simón Bolívar University was higher with a percentage of 74%, on the other hand the study in question only 41.8% consumed some type of psychoactive substance (alcohol, tobacco, etc.).Through the research carried out, it was possible to evaluate each of the factors that significantly influence the consumption of psychoactive substances, taking into account each of the variables evaluated (sociodemographic, consumption, individual, family, psychological, sociocultural) in times of COVID-19. (AU)

Niveles de cobre y zinc en diferentes etapas de la leche materna y la influencia del estado nutricional de madres lactantes / Levels of copper and zinc in different stages of breast milk and the influence of the nutritional state of nursing mothers

RESUMEN La leche humana materna tiene una composición única para proporcionar a los recién nacidos todos los nutrientes esenciales como proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono, minerales, vitaminas y otras substancias fisiológicamente activas, con el fin de suplir en cantidad y calidad las necesidades calóricas y nutricionales del lactante. El objetivo fue establecer las concentraciones totales de cobre y zinc en la leche materna en sus distintas etapas: calostro, de transición y madura, determinadas espectrométricamente y la influencia del estado nutricional de madres lactantes; estudio descriptivo transversal en madres entre 18 y 35 años, sanas y no fumadoras; los resultados evidencian una disminución en las concentraciones de cobre y zinc a medida que la lactancia va evolucionando, además, el promedio de índice de masa corporal de las madres en período de lactancia reflejaron sobrepeso. Concluimos que el contenido calórico de los oligoelementos de la leche materna es esencial para el crecimiento de los niños por los beneficios nutricionales e inmunológicos que proporciona, por lo que es importante que la madre se encuentre en un estado nutricional adecuado que permita suministrar los requerimientos adecuados al niño para su crecimiento y desarrollo.

ABSTRACT Human milk has a unique composition and provides newborns with all essential nutrients such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other physiologically active substances, in order to supply in quantity and quality the caloric and nutritional needs of the infant. The objective of this study was to establish the total concentration of copper and zinc in breast milk in its different stages: colostrum, transitional and mature milk, determined spectrometrically and the influence of the nutritional status of nursing mothers. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in healthy non-smoking mothers between 18 and 35 years of age. Lower concentrations of copper and zinc as lactation progressed were observed. The average of body mass index of nursing mothers reflected overweight. We concludes that the caloric content of the trace elements of breast milk is essential for the growth of children because of the nutritional and immunological benefits that it provides, so it is important that the mother has an adequate nutritional state that allows to supply the adequate requirements for the child to grow and develop.