Subject(s)
Masks/adverse effects , Occupational Injuries/prevention & control , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Skin/injuries , Bandages , Emollients/therapeutic use , Humans , Masks/standards , Occupational Health , Occupational Injuries/etiology , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Silicones/therapeutic use , Skin Cream/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is known that malignant melanoma (MM) survivors are at increased risk of future primary MM. However, the risk for noncutaneous second primary malignancies (SPMs) is not as well-understood. METHODS: An observational study utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was performed, assessing data from patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous MM to measure overall, as well as specific, tumor type and risk of SPM. RESULTS: Of the 132,438 patients recruited in the study population (mean age 55.5 years; 54% male), 23,794 SPMs were observed (O) (18% of patients at a mean age of 68.8 years), while 17,923 SPMs were expected (E) to occur (O : E 1.33, 95% CI 1.31-1.34). Excluding cutaneous MM occurring as a new primary malignancy, there was a significantly increased risk for SPMs among cutaneous MM survivors for each of the following tumor types: eye and orbit melanoma, tracheal, thyroid, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, small intestine, kidney, lymphoid and hematopoietic system, lymphoma overall, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia overall, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, male genital system (including prostate), and breast. Certain gender-specific trends for SPMs were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with primary cutaneous MM are at increased risk for primary noncutaneous MM as well as noncutaneous SPMs that include numerous tumor types. Enhanced oncologic surveillance for a variety of tumor types in melanoma survivors is warranted.
Subject(s)
Cancer Survivors/statistics & numerical data , Melanoma/complications , Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Melanoma/mortality , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data , SEER Program/statistics & numerical data , Skin Neoplasms/mortality , Survival RateSubject(s)
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/chemically induced , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Australia , Canada , Databases, Factual , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Risk AssessmentSubject(s)
Aspirin/adverse effects , Melanoma/chemically induced , Melanoma/epidemiology , Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Confidence Intervals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Incidence , Logistic Models , Long-Term Care , Male , Melanoma/pathology , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Survival Rate , United States/epidemiology , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Skin cancers, including both malignant melanoma (MM) and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), are the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the US. The incidence of both MM and NMSC continues to rise. AREAS COVERED: Current evidence for an association between four of the most commonly prescribed classes of drugs in the U.S. and risk for MM and NMSC is reported. Medline was searched (January 2000 to May 2017) for each drug in the classes and for 'basal cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'non-melanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer' and 'melanoma'. Skin cancer risk information was reported for: tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNF-αIs), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitors (statins). EXPERT OPINION: Since skin cancer risk is associated with all four classes of these commonly prescribed drugs that represent nearly 20% of the Top 100 drugs in the U.S., these important findings warrant enhanced education, especially for prescribers and those patients at high risk for skin cancer.