Optimization of the nitrification process of wastewater resulting from cassava starch production.

The present study has the objective of optimizing operational conditions of an aerated reactor applied to the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater resulting from the production of cassava starch. An aerated reactor with a usable volume of 4 L and aeration control by rotameter was used. The airflow and cycle time parameters were controlled and their effects on the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and the conversion to nitrate were evaluated. The highest ammoniacal nitrogen removal, of 96.62%, occurred under conditions of 24 h and 0.15 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The highest nitrate conversion, of 24.81%, occurred under conditions of 40.92 h and 0.15 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The remaining value of ammoniacal nitrogen was converted primarily into nitrite, energy, hydrogen and water. The optimal operational values of the aerated reactor are 29.25 h and 0.22 L min-1 Lreactor-1. The mathematical models representative of the process satisfactorily describe ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrate conversion, presenting errors of 2.87% and 3.70%, respectively.

Optimization of the pretreatment of wastewater from a slaughterhouse and packing plant through electrocoagulation in a batch reactor.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and color of wastewater from a pig slaughterhouse and packing plant through the electrochemical technique and to optimize the ΔV (electric potential difference) and HRT (hydraulic retention time) variables in an electrocoagulation batch reactor using aluminum electrodes. The experimental design used was rotatable central composite design. For turbidity, the values for removal efficiency obtained varied from 92.85% to 99.28%; for color, they varied from 81.34% to 98.93% and for COD, they varied from 58.61% to 81.01%. The best optimized conditions of treatment were at 25 min for the HRT and 25 V for the ΔV, which correspond to electrical current of 1.08 A and a current density of 21.6 mA cm-2. The aluminum residue varied from 15.254 to 54.291 mg L-1 and the cost of the treatment was US$4.288 m-3. The novelty of the work was the simultaneous optimization of three response variables using the desirability function applied to the treatment of wastewater from slaughterhouses.

Gráfico de controle da média móvel exponencialmente ponderada: aplicação na operação e monitoramento de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto / Exponentially weighted moving average control chart: application in the operation and monitoring of a sewage treatment plant

RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto através de cartas de controle de qualidade estatística da média móvel exponencialmente ponderada (MMEP). A estação de tratamento de esgoto estudada localiza-se no Município de Cascavel, Paraná, Os parâmetros avaliados foram o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), sólidos sedimentáveis (SSed), sólidos suspensos totais (SST), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) e a demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO). As cartas MMEP acusaram que estação de tratamento de esgoto apresentou bom desempenho estatístico para o pH, sólidos suspensos totais, DQO e DBO e falhas para os sólidos sedimentáveis. As cartas de controle MMEP se apresentam como uma boa alternativa no monitoramento de estações de tratamento de esgoto.

ABSTRACT This work was intended to assess the performance of a sewage treatment plant through letters of statistical quality control of exponentially weighted moving average. The sewage treatment plant is located in the municipality studied of Cascavel, Paraná, the parameters measured were the hydrogenionic potential (pH), settleable solids (SetS), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The EWMA letters accused that sewage treatment station has good statistical performance for the pH, total suspended solids, COD and BOD and failures for settleable solids. The EWMA control letters are presented as a good alternative in monitoring of sewage treatment plants.