The rates of null and valid movements in parapowerlifting in international competitions / As taxas de movimentos nulos e válidos no parapowerlifting em competições internacionais / Tasa de levantamientos validos y nulos en competiciones internacionales de parapowerlifting

ABSTRACT The Paralympic system adapted the press modality, allowing the participation of people with physical disabilities called para-powerlifting (PPL). The purpose was to establish the rates of valid and invalid movements; identify if factors such as the weight category, gender, or athletes 'country have an influence on the results; A retrospective study was elaborated in which the results of the null and valid movements made in 12 international events of the 2013-2016 Paralympic cycle were recovered from the official page of the international paralympic committee The results indicate that in these twelve events a total of 6,759 movements were performed, of which 3,264 moves were valid and 2,991 were rated as null, with no significant differences in null movements between men and women. These results indicate the need to review the judging system or the use of visual technologies to reduce the rate of null movements.

RESUMO O sistema paraolímpico adaptou ama modalidade de supino, permitindo a participação de pessoas com deficiências físicas, denominada parapowerlifting (PPL). O objetivo foi estabelecer as taxas de movimentos válidos e inválidos; identificar se fatores como a categoria de peso, o gênero ou o país dos atletas influenciam os resultados; Foi elaborado um estudo retrospectivo no qual os resultados dos movimentos nulos e válidos realizados em 12 eventos internacionais do ciclo paraolímpico 2013-2016 foram recuperados da página oficial do Comitê Paraolímpico Internacional. Os resultados indicam que nesses doze eventos foi realizado um total de 6.759 movimentos, dos quais 3.264 movimentos foram válidos e 2.991 foram classificados como nulos, sem diferenças significativas nos movimentos nulos entre homens e mulheres. Esses resultados indicam a necessidade de revisar o sistema de julgamento ou o uso de tecnologias visuais para reduzir a taxa de movimentos nulos.

RESUMEN El sistema paralímpico, adaptó la modalidad de press plano, para permitir la participación de personas con discapacidad física, denominándola como para-powerlifting (PPL). El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los índices de movimientos válidos y no válidos; identificar si factores como la categoría de peso, el sexo o el país de los atletas influyen en los resultados; se elaboró un estudio retrospectivo en el que se recuperaron de la página oficial del Comité Paralímpico Internacional los resultados de los movimientos nulos y válidos realizados en 12 eventos internacionales del ciclo paralímpico 2013-2016. Los resultados indican que en estos doce eventos se realizaron un total de 6.759 movimientos, de los cuales 3.264 movimientos fueron válidos y 2.991 fueron calificados como nulos, sin diferencias significativas en los movimientos nulos entre hombres y mujeres. Estos resultados demuestran que es necesario revisar el sistema de juzgamiento o implementar el uso de video para reducir la tasa de movimientos nulos.

Relationship between Dynamic and Isometric Strength, Power, Speed, and Average Propulsive Speed of Recreational Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the type of relationship between measures of maximal force (dynamic and isometric), maximal power, and mean propulsive velocity. In total, 355 recreational athletes, 96 women (age 20.5 ± 2.5 years; height 158.2 ± 17.3 cm; weight 61.8 ± 48.4 kg) and 259 men (age 21.0 ± 2.6 years; height 170.5 ± 12.6 cm; weight 65.9 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated in three sessions separated by 72 h each in isometric midthigh pull exercise (ISOS) (kg), bench press maximum strength (1RM MSBP) (kg), jump height (CMJ) (m), and maximum pedaling power (WT) the maximum squat strength (1RM MSS) (kg), the mean propulsive velocity in the bench press (MPVBP) (m·s-1), and the peak power (PPBP) (w), mean propulsive squat velocity (MPVS) (m·s-1), peak power (PP) (w), maximum handgrip force (ISOHG) (kg), and 30 m movement speed (V30) (s). Significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01) were identified between 95% of the various manifestations of force, and only 5% presented a significance of p ≤ 0.05; however, when the magnitude of these correlations is observed, there is great heterogeneity. In this sense, the dynamic strength tests present the best correlations with the other strength and power tests used in the present study, followed by PPBP and PP. The results of this study complement what is reported in the literature regarding the correlation between different types of force manifestations being heterogeneous and contradictory.

Bar Load-Velocity Profile of Full Squat and Bench Press Exercises in Young Recreational Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mean propulsive velocity (MVP) at various percentages of one repetition maximum (1RM) in the full squat and chest press exercises. A total of 96 young women and 256 young men (recreational athletes) performed an incremental test (50−60−70−80% 1RM) comprising the bench press and full squat exercises in two different sessions. The individual load and velocity ratios were established through the MPV. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0, with the significance level set at 5%. The following findings were revealed: highly linear load-velocity relationships in the group of women (r = 0.806 in the squat, and r = 0.872 in the bench press) and in the group of men (r = 0.832 and r = 0.880, respectively); significant differences (p < 0.001) in the MPV at 50−70−80% 1RM between the bench press and the full squat in men and at 70−80% 1RM in women; and a high variability in the MPV (11.49% to 22.63) in the bench press and full squat (11.58% to 25.15%) was observed in women and men (11.31% to 21.06%, and 9.26% to 24.2%) at the different percentages of 1RM evaluated. These results suggest that the load-velocity ratio in non-strength-trained subjects should be determined individually to more precisely establish the relative load to be used in a full squat and bench press training program.

Intestinal Paracoccidioidomycosis: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection, primarily affecting the respiratory tract. Extra pulmonary presentation is rare, representing less than 1% of cases (about 1 in every 200 cases). CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 73-year-old male with acute surgical abdomen secondary to Intestinal Paracoccidioidomycosis requiring intestinal resection and postoperative antifungal therapy. CONCLUSION: Intestinal Paracoccidioidomycosis represents a rare pathology with challenging diagnostic approach due to its frequency and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Extra pulmonary presentation is rare, but it should be considered in endemic regions.

Perfil de la condición física de mujeres adultas mayores físicamente activas / Profile of the physical condition of physically active older adult women

RESUMEN El envejecimiento saludable es una de las preocupaciones que tienen todas las naciones del mundo y está estrechamente asociado al nivel de condición física y estado nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la condición física funcional (CF) y parámetros antropométricos de mujeres adultas mayores, físicamente activas, que viven en Bogotá. Para ello, se valoró la estatura, el peso corporal, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la velocidad de la marcha sobre 4 y 6m (VM), la velocidad media propulsiva (VMP), la fuerza máxima (1RM) de miembros superiores en prensa de pecho (FMS) e inferiores en extensión de piernas (FMI), la fuerza prensil (FP), la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico, la marcha estacionaria y la sentadilla, a 175 mujeres adultas mayores. Los resultados indican un decrecimiento medio gradual de la condición física entre cada uno de los grupos etarios (59-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, >80 años), del 11%, en la VM; 14%, en la VMP; 12%, para la FMS; 13%, en la FMI; 12%, FP; 5%, en la agilidad y equilibrio; 9%, en la marcha estacionaria y 5%, en sentadillas. No se observó disminución ni en el peso corporal ni en el IMC. Las correlaciones entre las variables fueron débiles. Al interior de los grupos etarios hay gran dispersión en los valores de variables funcionales y la mayor parte de los adultos del estudio se encuentran dentro de los rangos, definidos como de menor riesgo de pérdida de la movilidad y capacidad funcional.

ABSTRACT Healthy aging is one of the concerns that all nations of the world have and is closely associated with the level of fitness and nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to identify the functional physical condition and body composition in a sample of 175 women between 60-83 years, physically active living in the city of Bogota. For this the valuation of the size, weight, BMI, walking speed over 4 and 6 meters (WS), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), maximum strength (1RM) of the upper body in chest press (MSU) and of lower body in leg station (MSL), prehensile strength (PS) through dynamometry, agility and dynamic balance, stationary walking and squats, was carried out. The results indicate a gradual average decrease in physical condition was observed between each of the age groups ((59-64; 65-69; 70-74; 75-79; >80) : 11% in the WS, 14% in the MPV, 12% for the MSU, 13% in the MSL, 12% PS, 5% in agility and balance, 9% in stationary walking and 5% in squats. No decrease in body weight or BMI was observed. The correlations between the variables were weak. Within the same age groups there is a great dispersion in the values of functional variables and most of the adults in the study are within the ranges defined as having a lower risk of loss of mobility and functional capacity.

Effects of strength training based on velocity versus traditional training on muscle mass, neuromuscular activation, and indicators of maximal power and strength in girls soccer players

This study examines the effects of two strength training (ST) programs, one based on mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and another under the traditional method, the % one-repetition maximum (1RM), on neuromuscular performance and muscle composition in girls who play soccer. Fifty players with an average age of 13.6 ± 1.2 years participated in the study and were randomly assigned into three groups: a maximal execution velocity training group (VG, n = 15), a maximal strength group (RMG, n = 13), and a control group (CG, n = 18). The study was developed for a period of twelve weeks during regular team training to prepare for the season. The VG and RMG groups performed additional strength or muscle power training three times a week, including movements of full squat and pedaling on a cycle ergometer. The two types of training groups and the control group exhibited significant gains. However, the greatest increases were achieved with VG training, with significant increases (p < 0.000) in maximal strength, (p < 0.000) squat power, (p < 0.000) velocity over 30 m, (p < 0.000) cycle ergometer power, and (p < 0.008) lower limb muscle mass. Statistically significant differences were observed between VG and RMG in countermovement jump (CMJ) (p < 0.008) and squat power (p < 0.01) tests, between VG and CG in CMJ (p < 0.01), squat power (p < 0.000), and maximal squat strength (p < 0.000), and between RMG and CG in maximal squat strength (p < 0.000) only. These findings might indicate that high-velocity ST can be performed simultaneously with regular training to improve the explosive actions of soccer players

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Association between metabolic risk markers, body composition and different manifestations of strength in young adults / Asociación entre marcadores de riesgo metabólicos y diferentes manifestaciones de la fuerza en adultos jóvenes

Abstract Introduction: For decades, low levels of muscle strength (MS) have been associated with an increased risk of mortality from all causes. Objective: To identify the correlation between values of different manifestations of MS and metabolic risk markers (MRM) in young university students. Materials and methods: The study included 50 participants (37 men, 13 women), aged between 19 and 23 years. The grip strength of both hands and the muscular strength of upper and lower limbs were evaluated, as well as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), skin folds, HDL, cholesterol and triglycerides. Results: No significant associations between MRM and the different manifestations of MS were found. Conclusion: MS and MRM are separately associated with mortality risk factors and with suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

Resumen Introducción. Desde hace varias décadas, los bajos niveles de fuerza muscular (FM) han sido asociados al incremento en el riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas. Objetivo. Identificar la relación entre los valores de diferentes manifestaciones de FM con biomarcadores de riesgo metabólico (BRM). Materiales y métodos. El estudio estuvo compuesto por 50 participantes (37 hombres, 13 mujeres) con edades entre 19 y 23 años. Se evaluó la fuerza prensil de ambas manos, la potencia y la fuerza máxima de miembros superiores e inferiores, colesterol y triglicéridos. Además, se midió talla, peso, índice de masa corporal y pliegues cutáneos. Resultados. No se identificaron relaciones significativas entre los BRM y las diferentes manifestaciones de la FM. Conclusión. La FM y los BRM se relacionan con el riesgo de mortalidad y enfermedades cardiovasculares de forma separada.

Relaciones entre diversas manifestaciones de la fuerza en diferentes grupos musculares en adultos jóvenes

La fuerza y la potencia muscular han sido valoradas en el contexto deportivo o de la salud, con el propósito de determinar su grado de desarrollo; sin embargo, la evidencia de la relación que pude existir entre ellas es escasa y contradictoria. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación entre diferentes manifestaciones de fuerza y de potencia muscular. 37 hombres y 13 mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 23 años, participaron en el estudio. Se evaluó, en miembros superiores e inferiores, la fuerza isométrica, dinámica y la potencia y se midió talla, peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de fuerza prensil (FP) de la mano derecha e izquierda (p<0,414). La potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS), se obtuvo con una carga del 4,0%. Se observaron buenas correlaciones (0,608**-0,869**), entre: FP y potencia máxima de miembros superiores (PMMS) e inferiores (PMMI); fuerza máxima isométrica del tren inferior (FMII) y potencia media fase propulsiva en press pecho (PMPP); fuerza máxima en media sentadilla (1RMS) con fuerza máxima en press pecho (1RMP), potencia media fase propulsiva en media sentadilla (PMPS) y velocidad media propulsiva en press pecho (VMPP); RMP con PMPP, PMMS, PMMI y PMPS; PMMS con PMMI, PMPS y PMPP; PMMI, con PMPS y VMP en media sentadilla (VMPS); salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) con el salto sin contra movimiento SJ ; VMPS con PMPS; PMPSP con PMPP; PMMS con CMJ; VMPP con PMMS; y PMPP con CMJ.

Strength and muscular power have been evaluated in the sports or health context to determine their degree of development, however evidence of the relationship between these two muscular manifestations is limited and contradictory. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between different manifestations of strength and muscular power. Thirty-seven men and thirteen women aged between19 and 23 years participated in this study. We assessed the power and the isometric and dynamic strengthin upper and lower limbs; and size, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. No significant differences were identified between prehensile force (PF) values of left and right hand (p-value<0.414). The maximum power of upper limbs (PMMS) was obtained with a4.0% load. Good correlations were observed (0.608**-0.869**) between: PF and maximum power of upper limbs and lower limbs (PMMI); the maximum isometric force of the lower train (FMII) and the mean power propulsive phase in chest press (PMPP); the maximum force in half squat (1RMS) with maximum force in chest press (RMP), the mean power propulsive in half-squat (PMPS) and the mean propulsive velocity in the chest press (VMPP); the RMP with PMPP, PMMS, PMMI and PMPS; the PMMS with PMMI, PMPS and PMPP; the PMMI with PMPS and the VMP in half squat (VMPS); the counter movement jump (CMJ) with squat jump (SJ); the VMPS with PMPS; the PMPSP with PMPP; the PMMS with CMJ; the VMPP with PMMS; and finally, the PMPP with CMJ.

Efectos de un programa combinado de ejercicios de fuerza y aeróbicos de alta intensidad en personas supervivientes al cáncer de mama: estudio piloto / Effects of a combined strength and high-intensity aerobic exercise program in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa combinado de ejercicios de fuerza y aeróbicos de alta intensidad sobre la calidad de vida, la fatiga, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, la fuerza y el IGF-I en personas supervivientes al cáncer de mama que habían sido sometidas a cirugía, quimioterapia y/o radioterapia y tratadas con tamoxifeno. Métodos: Ocho supervivientes al cáncer de mama siguieron el programa de ejercicios, 3 veces por semana durante un periodo de 22 semanas, con una intensidad del 80%. Se evaluaron la reserva del ritmo cardíaco (HRR), la fuerza, la calidad de vida, la fatiga y el factor de crecimiento insulínico tipo 1 (IGF-I). Resultados: Los 8 participantes reflejaron un índice de adherencia del 97,8% al programa de entrenamiento. Se observaron el incremento del consumo máximo de oxígeno (20%), el incremento de fuerza (56,9%) en el brazo sin linfadenectomía y el incremento de fuerza (104%) en el brazo con linfadenectomía. Se produjo una mejoría de la calidad de vida (24%) con arreglo a las escalas SF36 y FACT-B. Disminuyeron la fatiga general y el desánimo (67,7%), al igual que los niveles plasmáticos del IGF-I (22,8%). Conclusiones: Un programa en el que se incremente la fuerza y el ejercicio aeróbico al 80% del HRR puede resultar eficaz para mejorar la calidad de vida, el consumo máximo de oxígeno y la fuerza, y disminuir la fatiga y los niveles plasmáticos de IGF-I, en las personas supervivientes al cáncer de mama, no generando ni exacerbando el linfedema

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a combined strength and high-intensity aerobic exercise program on the quality of life (QOL), fatigue, peak oxygen consumption, strength and IGF-I in breast cancer survivors (BCSs) who had undergone surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy and were being treated with tamoxifen. Methods: Eight BCSs followed the exercise program three times per week for 22 weeks at an intensity of 80%. Herat rate reserve (HRR), strength, QOL, fatigue and insulin-like growth factor-I were evaluated. Results: The eight participants had a 97.8% adherence rate to the training program. Increased peak oxygen consumption (20%), increased strength (56.9%) in the arm without lymphadenectomy (AWL), and increased strength (104%) in the lymphadenectomy arm (AL) were observed. QOL was improved (24%) according to the SF36 and the FACT-B scales. Both general and mood fatigue decreased (67.7%), as did the plasma IGF-I levels (22.8%). Conclusions: A program of incremental strength and aerobic exercise at 80% of the HRR may be effective in improving QOL, maximum oxygen consumption, and strength and in decreasing fatigue and plasma levels of IGF-I in BCSs and does not generate or exacerbate lymphedema

Estudio transversal de las cualidades funcionales de los escolares bogotanos: valores de potencia aeróbica, potencia muscular, velocidad de desplazamiento y velocidad de reacción, de los siete a los dieciocho años / Cross-sectional study on the functional qualities of schoolchildren from Bogotá:aerobic strength,speed of movement, reaction and muscular strength values, in students between seven and eighteen years old

Sujetos y m‚todos. Estudio transversal que valora la velocidad de desplazamiento, de reaccion, fuerza explosiva, consumo maximo de oxigeno, en 48.738 escolares entre 7 y 18 anos, de 386 instituciones educativas del distrito Capital. Resultados. En las pruebas fisicas se observa un dimorfismo sexual a partir del inicio del incremento del peso y la talla. La edad, presenta correlaciones de (r=0,47 mujeres, 0.74 hombres) con el salto horizontal, (r=0,28 mujeres y 0,66 hombres) con la velocidad de desplazamiento, (r=0,30 mujeres y 0,35 hombres) con la velocidad de reaccion, (r=-0,19 mujeres y -0.00 hombres) con el consumo maximo de oxigeno. El salto horizontal presenta correlaciones de (r=0,70 hombres, r=0,44 mujeres) con la velocidad de desplazamiento, (r=-0,36 hombres r=-0,28 mujeres) con la velocidad de reaccion. Conclusiones. Se establecio como evolucionan estas variables de acuerdo al genero y la edad, y se crearon valores percentilares para cada una de ellas. El estudio muestra la necesidad de realizar este tipo evaluaciones periodicamente para actualizar los datos de referencia y verificar como estas variables evolucionan de una generacion a otra.

Cross-sectional study that assesses the speed of movement, reaction, explosive strengthand maximum oxygen consumption, in 48738 schoolchildren between 7 and 18 years, from386 public schools in the Capital Distric. Results. The physical test show sexual dimorphism from the beginning of the increase in weight and size. Age presents correlation (r= 0,47 womenr=0,74 men) with long jump, (r= 0,28 women and 0,66 men ) with the movement speed, (r=0,30 women r=0,35 men ) with reaction rate, (r= -0,19 women r=-0,00 men) with maximal oxygen consumption. The long jump presents correlation (r = 0,70 men r=0,44 women) with movement speed, (r=-0.36 men r=-0,28 women) and reaction rate. Conclusions: it was established how these variables evolve according to gender and age, and percentile values were created for each of them. The study shows the need to perform periodically such evaluations to update the reference data and check how these variables evolve from one generation to another.

Cáncer de mama y ejercicio físico: revisión / Breast cancer and physical exercise: review / Câncer de mama e exercício fisico: revisão

La prescripción de actividad física para las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama depende de la evidencia que se pueda obtener del impacto fisiológico, psicológico y biológico del ejercicio físico sobre la disminución del riesgo recidiva. Objetivos: el propósito de este artículo es revisar los diferentes estudios publicados sobre el impacto del ejercicio en pacientes con cáncer de mama, que finalizaron el tratamiento de quimio y/o radioterapia con el fin de identificar la intensidad, frecuencia, tiempo de intervención, duración de las sesiones, tipo de trabajo realizado y las diferentes variables evaluadas. Método: se desarrolló una revisión de los estudios experimentales publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, se incluyeron 27 estudios y se examinó frecuencia, intensidad, duración de las sesiones, tiempo de intervención y efectos de la actividad física sobre las variables de control utilizadas. Resultados: siete estudios (58%) desarrollaron el programa de ejercicio durante un período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) platearon realizaron 3 sesiones por semana, en cinco (41%) la duración de las sesiones eran de 30 minutos, tres (25%) implementaron una intensidad 50-80% de la FC máx. Seis estudios (50%) evaluaron el IMC, el porcentaje de masa grasa y la calidad de vida, cinco (41%) evaluaron el VO2 máx., y dos (16%) utilizaron marcadores tumorales. Conclusiones: no se pudo establecer cuál es la intensidad, volumen, frecuencia y tiempo de duración que tiene un mejor impacto fisiológico en pacientes sobrevivientes al cáncer de mama. De igual forma, no se estableció el impacto de la actividad física sobre los biomarcadores

The prescription of physical activity for breast cancer survivors depends on the evidence that can be obtained as well as on the physiological, psychological and biological impact that physical activity may have in the reduction of relapse risk. Objectives: the purpose of this article is to review the different studies that have been published on the effect of exercise in breast cancer patients who had finished their radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatment to identify the intensity, frequency, duration of the exercise program, duration of the exercise sessions, type of physical activity and the different variables evaluated. Methods: a review of the experimental studies on this subject published from 1995 was conducted, 27 studies were included and the duration, frequency, intensity, duration of exercise sessions, intervention time and effects were examined. Results: seven studies (58%) conducted 24 week exercise programs, six studies (50%) proposed 3 exercise sessions per week, the exercise sessions of five (41%) studies lasted 30 minutes and the intensity of three studies (25%) was 50-80% of the MHR. Six studies (50%) evaluated the BMI, the body fat percentage and the quality of life, five studies (41%) evaluated the VO2 max., and two studies (16%) used tumor markers. Conclusions: the intensity, volume, frequency and duration with the best physiological impact on breast cancer survivors could not be determined. Likewise, the impact of physical activity on tumor markers was not established.

A prescrição de atividade física para as sobreviventes ao câncer de mama depende da evidencia que se pode obter do impacto fisiológico, psicológico e biológico do exercício físico sobre a diminuição do risco recidiva. Objetivos: O propósito deste artigo é revisar os diferentes estudos publicados sobre o impacto do exercício em pacientes com câncer de mama, que finalizaram o tratamento de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia com o fim de identificar a intensidade, frequência, tempo de intervenção, duração das sessões, tipo de trabalho realizado e as diferentes variáveis avaliadas. Método: se desenvolveu uma revisão dos estudos experimentais publicados sobre este tema desde 1995, incluíram se 27 estudos e se examinou com frequência, intensidade, duração das sessões, tempo de intervenção e efeitos da atividade física sobre as variáveis de controle utilizadas. Resultados: Sete estudos (58%) desenvolveram o programa de exercício durante um período de 24 semanas, seis (50%) estabeleceram, realizaram 3 sessões por semana, em cinco (41%) a duração das sessões eram de 30 minutos, três (25%) implementaram uma intensidade 50-80% da FC Max. Seis estudos (50%) avaliaram o IMC, a porcentagem de massa grassa e a qualidade de vida, cinco (41%) avaliaram o VO2 máx., e dois (16%) utilizaram marcadores tumorais. Conclusões: Não se pôde estabelecer qual é a intensidade, volumem frequência e tempo de duração que tem um melhor impacto fisiológico em pacientes sobreviventes ao câncer de mama. De igual forma, não se estabeleceu o impacto da atividade física sobre os biomarcadores

Estudio transversal de crecimiento de los escolares bogotanos: valores de estatura, peso e índice de masa corporal de los siete a los dieciocho años / Transversal study about the growth in bogotanos school children: values of height, weight and body mass index from the seven to the eighteen

Objetivo: Este es un estudio de tipo transversal que tiene como objetivo establecer cómo evoluciona la talla, el peso, y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) de acuerdo a la edad y al género, en 22.406 niños y 23.277 niñas en edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 17años, de 386 instituciones educativas oficiales del Distrito Capital. Método: Se evaluó el peso, la talla y se calculó el (IMC). La edad se calculó en meses y la distribución percentilada, el valor z-score y el diseño de los gráficos se realizó según el método LMS. Resultados: Las curvas de percentiles que se construyeron, para las tres mediciones, garantizando una buena clasificación de los niños. Se observa un dimorfismo sexual a partir del inicio del incremento del peso y la talla. La edad, presenta correlaciones de (r=0.82) con el peso para ambos géneros, (r=0,82 mujeres r=0,87 hombres) con la talla y (r=0,61 mujeres r=0,47 hombres) con el IMC. Se observan concordancias y diferencias con otros estudios realizados previamente en Colombia. Conclusiones: Se estableció cómo evolucionan estas variables de acuerdo al género y la edad, y secrearon valores percentilares para cada una de ellas. Los patrones de referencia construidos con los datos sirven de punto de partida y deben ser complementadas con estudios longitudinales. El estudio muestra la necesidad de realizar este tipo evaluaciones periódicamente para actualizar los datos de referencia y verificar cómo estas variables evolucionan de una generación a otra y determinar la aceleración secular del crecimiento.

Objective: This is a cross-sectional study aimed to establish the evolving size, weight, and body mass index by age and gender in 22,406 children and 23,277 girls aged between 7 and 17 from 386 official educational institutions of the capital district. Method. Weight, height and calculated body mass index (BMI) was evaluated. The age was calculated in months, and the distribution percentile, z-score value and the graphic design was done according to the LMS method. Results: The percentile curves that were constructed for the three measurements ensure a good classification of children. Sexual dimorphism is observed from the beginning of the increase in weight and size. The age presents correlations (r= 0,82) with weight for both genders, (r=0,82 women r= 0,87 men) with size and (r=0,61 women r=0,47 men) with BMI. Concordances and differences are observed with other previous studies in Colombia. Conclusions: It was established how these variables evolve according to gender and age, and percentile values were created for each of them. Reference standards built with our data provide a starting point and should be supplemented with longitudinal studies. The study shows the need to perform periodically such evaluations to update the reference data and check how these variables evolve from one generation to another, and determine the secular acceleration growth.

Modelo teórico, agentes, estrategias, duración, escenarios para la implementación, grado escolar e indicadores de resultados utilizados en los programas de promoción de la actividad física en el contexto escolar / Theoretical model, agents, strategies, duration, spaces of implementation, school grades and performance indicators, used in programs to promote physical activity in school context

Introducción: El propósito del presente estudio es analizar el modelo teórico, agentes, estrategias, duración, escenarios de implementación, grado escolar e indicadores de resultados, utilizados en los programas de promoción de la actividad física en el contexto escolar desarrollados en el ámbito internacional en los últimos veinticinco años. Método: Se realizó una revisión de los diferentes estudios que desarrollaron programas de actividad física encaminada a la salud en el contexto escolar. Se utilizaron y combinaron diversas estrategias de búsqueda, manuales y electrónicas. Resultados: Siete estudios utilizaron modelos teóricos para el diseño de los programas. Los principales agentes involucrados en la implementación de los programas fueron los docentes de educación física (EF), y los estudiantes. El escenario para la implementación se ubicó básicamente en la clase de educación física. Las estrategias estaban dirigidas principalmente a modificar el currículo de las clases de EF. Las intervenciones se orientaron fundamental-mente a niños de escuela elemental. La duración variaba entre 1 y 12 meses. Los indicadores utilizados para verificar el impacto del programa fueron: incremento en la cantidad de AF, IMC, y peso corporal. La mayor parte de estos estudios se llevó a cabo en escuelas de Estados Unidos, Canadá, India, Reino Unido e Irán. Conclusiones: A pesar de los resultados positivos obtenidos en cada una de las intervenciones, se identificó heterogeneidad: en la metodología, población, actores involucrados e indicadores de eficacia, lo cual no permite realizar comparaciones entre los diferentes estudios.

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the theoretical model, agents, strategies, duration, space of implementation, school grades and performance indicators, used in programs to promote physical activity in school context developed in the international arena on the past twenty five years. Method: It was made a review of different studies that developed physical activity programs aimed to health on school context. Were used and combined diverse search strategies, manual and electronic. Results: Seven studies used theoretical models for the design of programs. The main agents involved in the implementation of programs were the teachers of physical education (PE), and students. The space for implementation was located mainly in the physical education class. Strategies were directed to modify the curriculum of the physical education classes. Interventions were focused on children of elementary school. The duration ranged between 1 and 12 months. The indicators used to confirm the impact of the program were: increased in the amount of PA, BMI and body weight. Most of the studies were conducted in schools at United States, Canada, India, United Kingdom and Iran. Conclusions: Despite the positive results obtained in each of the interventions, heterogeneity was identified in: the methodology, population, involved actors and performance indicators, which does not allow comparisons between the different studies. [Fernández JA, González M, Farfán M. Theoretical model, agents, strategies, duration, spaces of implementation, school grades and performance indicators, used in programs to promote physical activity in school context.

Cáncer de mama y dieta: revisión

El cáncer es una de las principales causas de mortalidad y el número total de casos está aumentando en todo el mundo. En las mujeres, el cáncer de mama es el segundo cáncer más frecuente, su aparición está asociada a varios factores de riesgo: como estilos de vida poco sanos (consumo de tabaco y alcohol, dieta inadecuada, falta de actividad física) y exposición a carcinógenos. El propósito de este estudio es identificar y comprender las relaciones entre la dieta y el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Método: Se realizó una revisión de los diferentes estudios publicados en los últimos quince años que abordan esta relación. Resultados: La evidencia observada en los diferentes estudios indica una relación bastante compleja y no definitiva entre la dieta y el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Conclusiones: La evidencia científica por la dispersión en sus resultados no permite determinar el papel preventivo o promotor que tiene cada uno de los diferentes componentes de la dieta sobre el cáncer de mama.

Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and the total number of cases is increasing worldwide. In women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer. Its appearance is associated with several risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles (cigar and alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, absence of physical activity) and exposure to carcinogens. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the relationship between diet and breast cancer risk. Method: A review was done taking into account the different studies published in the last fifteen years which address this relationship. Results: The evidence observed in those studies indicates a fairly complex and no definitive link between diet and breast cancer risk. Conclusions: The scientific evidence does not allow determining the preventive or promoter role each of the different components of diet on breast cancer has, because of the dispersion in their results.