Altered microRNA composition in the uterine lumen fluid in cattle (Bos taurus) pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination or transfer of an in vitro produced embryo.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals, and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast functions. Our aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the uterine lumen fluid (ULF) at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies (gestation d 18) initiated by artificial insemination (AI) or by the transfer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst (IVP-ET). A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP embryo. RESULTS: The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from ULF. There was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group, while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a conceptus. Additionally, 4 miRNAs were more abundant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group (bta-mir-17, bta-mir-7-3, MIR7-1, MIR18A). Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endometrium, including genes that are known to be their targets. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as in endometrium receptivity. The knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of corrective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.

Pre-Hispanic Foods Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) and Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) as New Alternative Ingredients for Developing Functional Cookies.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus), nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) are pre-Hispanic foods widely consumed in Mexico. However, there are no standard products developed with these ingredientsas functional cookies. This study evaluated the impact of partial replacement (50%) of whole-wheat flour (WWF) with three formulations of P. ostreatus, nopal and amaranth flours (POF, NF and AF, respectively) on the nutritional/antioxidant properties of fortified cookies. The proportion of the flours' ingredients (WWF:AF:NF:POF) were 100% WWF (traditional cookies), 50:35:10:5 (F1), 50:30:15:5 (F2) and 50:40:5:5 (F3). Proximal composition, phenolic/flavonoid contents, and ABTS•+ scavenging activity were determined in flours and cookies.POF, NF and AF possess a high nutritional value comprising polyphenols/flavonoids and a significant antioxidant potential. Total protein, ash and flavonoids were higher in fortified cookies than in controls. Cookies prepared with F2-the highest nopal level-contained 5.29% of dietary fiber and five times higher polyphenol content than control cookies. The ABTS•+ scavenging ability was similar in the three enriched cookies (87.73-89.58%), but higher than that in traditional cookies (75.60%). The applicability of POF/NF/AF for replacing up to 50% of WWF in the production of functional cookies was demonstrated without compromising products' acceptability.This research promotes renewable local bioresouces for a sustainable agri-food chain, especially edible mushrooms.

[Reactivity to antigens of the microbiome of the respiratory tract in patients with respiratory allergic diseases]. / Reactividad a antígenos del microbioma de vías respiratorias en pacientes con enfermedad alérgica respiratoria.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide. Recent studies have informed that the dysbiosis of some specific members of the human microbiota may enhance the allergic response of the respiratory tract. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore the role of some microorganisms of the human microbiota on the skin reactivity and their effect on the chronicity of allergic respiratory diseases in humans. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a 5-year database of patients with allergic respiratory tract disease. The frequency and magnitude of the reactivity to 38 different allergens was determined. RESULTS: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus had the highest frequency of reactivity (93.7 %), followed by the bacterial allergen (a mixture of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with a frequency of reactivity of 91.82 %; whereas Candida albicans had a frequency of reactivity of only 79.32 %. The frequency of reactivity to the pollen of native Mexican weeds was even lower ~79 %. CONCLUSION: The microorganisms of the microbiota that were analyzed in this study seem to have an influence on the development of respiratory allergic inflammation, associated with long-term colonization of the pharynx, nasal mucosa, and sinuses because of these microorganisms.

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de las enfermedades alérgicas ha aumentado en todo el mundo. En estudios recientes se ha informado que la disbiosis de algunos miembros específicos de la microbiota humana puede potenciar la respuesta alérgica de las vías respiratorias. Objetivo: Explorar retrospectivamente el papel de algunos microorganismos de la microbiota humana en la reactividad cutánea y su efecto sobre la cronicidad de las enfermedades alérgicas respiratorias en el humano. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de la base de datos de un periodo de cinco años de pacientes con enfermedad alérgica de las vías respiratorias. Se determinó la frecuencia y magnitud de la reactividad a 38 alérgenos diferentes. Resultados: La mayor frecuencia de reactividad la presentó Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (93.7 %), al que le siguió una combinación bacteriana de Staphylococcus aureus-Staphylococcus epidermidis (91.82 %) y Candida albicans (79.32 %). La reactividad a alérgenos de polen de malezas nativas de México fue aun menor, aproximadamente de 79 %. Conclusión: Los microorganismos de la microbiota analizados en este estudio parecen tener una influencia en el desarrollo de la inflamación alérgica respiratoria, asociada a la colonización a largo plazo de la faringe, la mucosa nasal y los senos paranasales.

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 is not required for preimplantation ovine conceptus development in sheep.

Conceptus development and elongation is required for successful pregnancy establishment in ruminants and is coincident with the production of interferon τ (IFNT) and prostaglandins (PGs). In both the conceptus trophectoderm and endometrium, PGs are primarily synthesized through a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) pathway and modify endometrial gene expression and thus histotroph composition in the uterine lumen to promote conceptus growth and survival. Chemical inhibition of PG production by both the endometrium and the conceptus prevented elongation in sheep. However, the contributions of conceptus-derived PGs to preimplantation conceptus development remain unclear. In this study, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing was used to inactivate PTGS2 in ovine embryos to determine the role of PTGS2-derived PGs in conceptus development and elongation. PTGS2 edited conceptuses produced fewer PGs, but secreted similar amounts of IFNT to their Cas9 control counterparts and elongated normally. Expression of PTGS1 was lower in PTGS2 edited conceptuses, but PPARG expression and IFNT secretion were unaffected. Content of PGs in the uterine lumen was similar as was gene expression in the endometrium of ewes who received either Cas9 control or PTGS2 edited conceptuses. These results support the idea that intrinsic PTGS2-derived PGs are not required for preimplantation embryo or conceptus survival and development in sheep.

Effect of total mixed ration composition and daily grazing pattern on milk production, composition and fatty acids profile of dairy cows.

The possibilities of using high quality pastures in conjunction with total mixed ration (TMR) during the grazing season have been examined. An experiment with sixteen Holstein cows blocked and randomly assigned to four treatments in a factorial arrangement was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of grazing time of day (day or night) and type of silage (maize or Italian ryegrass) included in the TMR of dairy cows grazing 12 h daily on milk yield, composition and fatty acid profile. The silage type had no effect on the dry matter intake, milk yield and fat and protein proportions. However, cows grazing during the night ate more grass than cows grazing during the day (8·53 vs. 5·65 kg DM/d; P<0·05). No differences were seen between grazing-time with respect to milk production, fat and protein contents. However, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher in milk of dairy cows grazing at night-time than grazing at day-time, especially 18:2n-6 (2·37 vs. 2·12 g/100 g FA respectively, P<0·05) and 18:2cis9trans11 (2·08 vs. 1·74 g/100 g FA respectively, P<0·05).

RELACIÓN LONGITUD-PESO DE LA CACHANA (Cynopotamus Atratoensis) EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE LORICA, COLOMBIA / Length-Weight Relationship of Cachana (Cynopotamus Atratoensis) in the Cienaga Grande de Lorica, Colombia

Se estimó la relación longitud-peso de Cachana (Cynopotamus atratoensis) en la ciénaga grande de Lorica entre enero 2000 y diciembre 2002. La relación longitud-peso fue: WT = 0,0028 (± 0,03) LT3,41 (± 0,02), r = 0,99, n = 2.671, con coeficiente de crecimiento alométrico positivo, que osciló entre 3,34 (2002) y 3,44 (2001), sin diferencias estadísticas significativas. El factor de condición osciló entre 0,0026 (2001) y 0,0034 (2002), sin diferencias estadísticas significativas, confirmándose la premisa de la relación inversa entre este parámetro y el coeficiente de crecimiento de la relación longitudpeso. Se encontró correlación entre el factor de condición, los niveles de la ciénaga grande de Lorica y la época de desove de Cachana y se infiere que sus proporciones corporales no variaron durante el período estudiado, adaptándose a las nuevas condiciones de la ciénaga.

The length-weight relationship of Cachana (Cynopotamus atratoensis) in the cienaga Grande de Lorica between January 2000 and December 2002 was estimate. The length- weight relationship was TW = 0.0028 (± 0.03) TL3,41 (± 0,02), r = 0,99, n = 2,671, with growth coefficient positive allometric, ranging between 3.38 (2000) and 3.44 (2001) without statistically significant differences. The condition factor ranged from 0.0026 (2001) and 0.0034 (2002), without statistically significant differences, confirming the premise of the inverse relationship between this parameter and the growth coefficient of length-weight relationship. There was a correlation between the condition factor, the levels of the cienaga Grande de Lorica and spawning season of the Cachana and it appears that its body proportions remained unchanged over the study period, adapting to new conditions of the cienaga.

Effect of silage from ryegrass intercropped with winter or common vetch for grazing dairy cows in small-scale dairy systems in Mexico.

The objective was to determine the effect of including silages of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) intercropped with winter vetch (Vicia villosa) (ARG-VV) or with common vetch (Vicia sativa) (ARG-VS) compared with maize silage (MS) on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows grazing cultivated perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures with supplemented concentrate during the dry season. Six Holstein dairy cows with a mean yield of 19.0 kg/cow/day at the beginning of the experiment were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 repeated Latin square. Treatments were: 8 h/day intensive grazing, 3.6 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow per day of concentrate plus MS, and ARG-VV or ARG-VS ad libitum at a stocking rate of 3.0 cows/ha for three experimental periods of 3 weeks each. Milk yield (MY) and milk composition, live weight and body condition score as well as silage and concentrate intakes were recorded during the third week of each experimental period, and pasture intake was estimated indirectly from utilised metabolisable energy. Economic analysis was obtained by preparing partial budgets. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.10) in MY, milk fat or protein content nor for live weight, but there was significant difference (P < 0.10) in body condition score. There were non-statistical differences in silage DM intake (P < 0.11); however, significant differences (P < 0.10) were obtained for estimated grazed herbage intake whilst no differences for total DM intake. Slightly higher economic returns (10%) were obtained with ARG-VS over MS, and this was 7% higher than ARG-VV. It is concluded that ARG-VS could be an option for complementing grazing for small-scale dairy production systems in the dry season as it is comparable to MS in animal performance and slightly better in economic terms.

Estudio epidemiológico del trastorno por estrés postraumático en población desplazada por la violencia política en Colombia / Epidemiological study of postraumatic stress disorder in population displaced by political violence in Colombia

El presente documento muestra los resultados obtenidos con relación a la identificación y caracterización de síntomas propios del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) en población desplazada colombiana. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 851 adultos seleccionados por muestreo, estratificado en 15 asentamientos de población desplazada ubicados en la ciudad de Bucaramanga y en el área metropolitana de Colombia. Se valoró la presencia de TEPT por medio del CAPS y DTS, y se encontró una prevalencia actual de trauma psicológico del 21 porciento. Se pudo establecer como factores asociados por medio de análisis de regresión logística: el estado civil, particularmente el ser casados o vivir en unión libre; la edad (OR = 1.02, p < 0.00); la escolaridad (OR = 1.06, p < 0.000); la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol (OR = 2.45, IC = 1.25-4.82) y la morbilidad física de tipo crónico (OR = 5.31, p < 0.000).

A cross-sectional study with a stratified-selected sample of 851 adults from 15 displaced people settlements in the city of Bucaramanga and metropolitan areas of Colombia was carried out in order to identify and describe symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Presence of the disorder was assessed with the CAPS and DTS scales, and current prevalence of psychological trauma was 21 per cent. Associated factors established by means of LogisticRegression included Marital Status (particularly being married or living together); Age (OR = 1.02, p < 0.00); Education Level (OR = 1.06, p < 0.00), Alcohol Consumption Frequency (OR = 2.45, CI = 1.25-4.82) and ChronicPhysical Disease (OR = 5.31, p < 0.000).

Transplante segmentario enteral experimental. Respuesta funcional y complicaciones quirúrgicas / Enteral segmentary experimental transplant. Functional response and surgical complications

Antecedentes: El trasplante intestinal segmentario es una opción prometedora en el tratamiento del intestino corto letal; el injerto enteral proximal reditúa experimentalmente mejor control inmunológico pero su efectividad funcional respecto a otros segmentos podría ser deficiente. Objetivo: Con el propósito de evaluar la mortalidad quirúrgica y el comportamiento funcional de tres variantes de trasplantes segmentarios enterales, se llevó a cabo el siguiente experimento. Método: Se formaron aleatoriamente cinco grupos de ratas Lewis, singénicas, en fase de crecimiento; en cuatro de ellas se efectuaron enterectomías del 90 por ciento, simultáneamente se trasplantaron segmentos del 30 por ciento de intestino proximal, medial o distal en los tres primeros grupos y del 90 por ciento en el cuarto; el quinto grupo se usó como testigo. Resultados. Se efectuaron 54 trasplantes, un tercio presentó complicaciones tardías, sólo en la mitad de ellos se pudo encontrar causas susceptibles de ser controladas; las complicaciones se presentaron en proporciones similares en todos los grupos. A cuatro meses de realizados los injertos, ninguna rata de las sobrevivientes interrumpió el crecimiento, sin embargo el grupo de trasplante proximal presentó déficit ponderal respecto a los otros grupos P < 0.05; los grupos de trasplante medial, distal y total alcanzaron patrones de crecimientos similar a grupo testigo; los niveles plasmásticos de triglicéridos, colesterol y glucosa después de la prueba de la maltosa fueron similares en todos los grupos, únicamente se observaron niveles inferiores de albúmina en el grupo de trasplante proximal P < 0.05. Conclusiones: los trasplantes segmentarios medial y distal mostraron una mejor respuesta en término de incremento ponderal, comparables a la obtenida en sujetos con restitución total o integridad enteral

Desempeno real de las egresadas de la Fundacion Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Facultad de Enfermeria en relacion con el perfil profesional / Real performance of graduated students from Fundacion Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Facultad de Enfermeria related with professional profile

La importancia del tema escogido, sienta sus bases en el aporte practico para reconsiderar la eficacia y la funcionalidad teorico-practica del curriculum a seguir por la facultad para formacion de enfermeras profesionales ya que las metas propuestas por la institucion dirigen su enfoque educativo hacia la atencion en el cuidado directo al paciente hospitalizado. El seguimiento de las egresadas constituye uno de los medios indicados para establecer en que medida el desempeno real responde al perfil profesional. El proceso de informacion de enfermeras que hoy cuenta con 172 egresadas de las cuales 160 aproximadamente se encuentran ejerciendo como profesionales en distintas instituciones del pais. Se concluye que el tiempo que la egresada lleve ejerciendo su profesion no influye para nada en la realizacion de mayor o menor numero de las funciones planteadas en perfil profesional, es decir que el numero de funciones realizadas es independiente del tiempo que lleve en el ejercicio de su profesion. Tambien el mayor numero de egresadas ejercen en el area asistencial