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1.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 37(1): 9-14, ene.-feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-133375

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El dolor lumbar de causa mecánica es una patología prevalente, siendo una de las causas asociadas el dolor en la zona glútea. El síndrome de dolor miofascial es uno de los cuadros dolorosos crónicos más frecuente del sistema músculo-esquelético y se encuentra representado por los puntos gatillo miofasciales (PGM). El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar qué zona del músculo glúteo medio se encuentra más afectada por la presencia de PGM activos en pacientes con dolor lumbar inespecífico de origen mecánico. Método: Se realizó una serie de casos en la que se exploró a 13 pacientes con dolor lumbar de origen mecánico. Se evaluó la presencia de PGM activos y los umbrales de dolor a la presión (UDP) sobre el músculo glúteo medio. Se elaboró un mapa topográfico del músculo glúteo medio mediante 9 puntos para determinar la zona anatómica más afectada. Resultados: La intensidad media del dolor fue de 6,4 ± 1,7 cm y el tiempo medio de duración del dolor fue de 6,2 ± 4,1 años. Cada paciente con dolor lumbar mostró una media ± DE de PGM activos sobre el músculo glúteo medio de 5,6 ± 1,3. No se encontró asociación alguna entre el número de PGM activos sobre el glúteo medio y el tiempo de duración de los síntomas (r = 0,191; p = 0,622) o la intensidad del dolor (r = 0,026; p = 0,932). Los PGM activos sobre el glúteo medio se encontraron más frecuentemente en las fibras más posteriores y superiores del músculo (puntos 1-2-4), aunque las fibras antero-superiores (punto 3) y medias (punto 5) también albergaron gran cantidad de PGM activos. No existieron diferencias significativas en los UDP entre los distintos puntos. Conclusiones: El presente estudio encontró que las fibras posteriores y superiores del músculo glúteo medio se encuentran más afectadas por PGM activos en pacientes con dolor lumbar de origen mecánico


Introduction: Mechanical low back pain is one of the most prevalent pain conditions and is associated with pain in the gluteal region. Myofascial pain syndrome is a common condition associated with musculoskeletal pain which is mainly represented by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). The aim of this study was to determine which area of the gluteus medius muscle is the most affected by active MTrPs in patients with low back pain. Methods: A case series that included 13 patients with mechanical low back pain was performed. Active MTrPs and pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed on the gluteus medius muscle. A topographical map of the gluteus medius muscle was elaborated using 9 points around the muscle to determine the most affected anatomical zone. Results: The intensity of low back pain was 6.4 ± 1.7 cm and mean time with pain was 6.2 ± 4.1 years. Each low back pain patient exhibited a mean ± SD number of active MTrPs of 5.6 ± 1.3 on the gluteus medius. No association was found between the number of active MTrPs on the gluteus medius and the duration of pain history (r = 0-191; P = 0.622) or the intensity of pain (r = 0.026; P = 0.932). Active MTrPs within the gluteus medius muscle were most frequently found in the posterior and superior fibers of the muscle (points 1-2-4). Active TrPs were also found in the anterior and superior (point 3) and medium fibers (point 5) of the muscle. No significant differences were found on PPT between points. Conclusions: In the current study, it was found that the posterior and superior fibers of the gluteus medius muscle were the most affected by active MTrPs in patients with mechanical low back pain


Subject(s)
Humans , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/diagnosis , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Buttocks , Trigger Points/anatomy & histology , Pain Threshold
2.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(6): 277-282, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117488

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de compresión del plexo braquial en el desfiladero entre el músculo escaleno anterior y medio es un tema de debate. Mujer, 70 años, con dolor cervical y en la mano desde hace 3 años, y progresivo. La paciente ha recibido tratamientos previos (masoterapia, microonda y TENS) sin resultados. El test de Adson fue positivo. Se pautan 8 sesiones mediante técnicas de liberación del escaleno, movilizaciones articulares (C5-T1), técnica de deslizamiento del nervio mediano y ejercicios de control motor cervical. El dolor espontáneo antes del tratamiento era de 6 puntos (0-10) y una funcionalidad del 40% según el Cuestionario de Michigan de la Mano. Un mes después del tratamiento, manifestaba un 1/10 en el dolor en reposo y una funcionalidad del 75%. El abordaje fisioterapéutico de terapia manual en el síndrome compresivo torácico podría ser efectivo en la reducción del dolor y el incremento de la funcionalidad y la fuerza (AU)


Thoracic outlet syndrome referring to brachial plexus entrapment within the anterior and medium scalene muscle is under debate. The case of a 70-year old woman, with progressive neck and hand pain since 3 years ago is reported. She had received previous physiotherapy intervention (massage, microwave and TENS) without any effect. The Adson test was positive for the affected arm. Her treatment consisted of 8 physical therapy sessions including pressure release, mobilization of C5-T1 joints, nerve slider neurodynamic technique biased to the median nerve and cranio-cervical flexion motor control exercises. Spontaneous pain intensity at baseline was 6 points (0-10). Functionality was 40% according to the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. One month after the last session, pain at rest was 1/10 and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire showed 75% hand function. Physiotherapy focused on manual therapy approach represents a potential effective intervention for reducing symptoms and increasing function in individuals with thoracic outlet syndrome (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/therapy , Physical Therapy Modalities , Treatment Outcome
3.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(3): 130-134, mayo-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111234

ABSTRACT

Resumen El síndrome del túnel del carpo (STC) es responsable de elevados costes a la sociedad y últimamente se ha demostrado la existencia de sensibilización central en el STC. Mujer, 35 años, diagnóstico clínico y electromiográfico de STC moderado en la mano derecha, con un cuadro de sensibilización central. Se pauta un tratamiento de 3 sesiones fisioterapéuticas, con objeto de modular la sensibilización mediante técnicas de liberación de tejidos blandos y movilización neural del nervio mediano. El dolor espontáneo al comienzo era de 4 puntos en una escala numérica de dolor, una discapacidad de 2 y severidad de 2,8 puntos según el cuestionario de Boston para el STC. El dolor en reposo alcanzó valor 0 al finalizar el tratamiento, y durante los 6 meses de seguimiento al igual que en la discapacidad y la severidad de los síntomas. El abordaje fisioterapéutico basado en la neuromodulación de la sensibilización podría constituir una intervención eficaz en el STC (AU)


Abstract Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is responsible for high annual costs to the society and it has been recently demonstrated that CTS exhibits central sensitization. The case of a 35-year old woman, with clinical and electromyographical diagnosis of moderate right CTS with a central sensitization is presented. Treatment consisted of 3 physiotherapy sessions targeted at reducing central sensitization (neuro-modulation effects), including soft tissue mobilization and a nerve slider neurodynamic technique biased towards the median nerve. Pain intensity at baseline was 4 points on a numerical pain rate scale. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores were 2/5 on functional status and 2.8/5 on severity of symptoms. The pain at rest was 0 in the last session and during the 6 months of follow-up, as well as in the functional status and severity of symptoms scores. Physiotherapy approach targeted at central sensitization neuro-modulation represents a potential effective intervention for reducing symptoms in CTS (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/therapy , Central Nervous System Sensitization/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods
4.
Rev Neurol ; 54(8): 490-6, 2012 Apr 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22492102

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is considered a simple entrapment of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. In the last years, several studies have demonstrated the presence of peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms. AIM: To review the basis neurophysiology of peripheral and central sensitization by applying them to CTS and to determine their clinical repercussions. DEVELOPMENT: Several studies have revealed that patients with CTS exhibit somato-sensory changes in areas innervated by the median nerve and also in areas non-related with the median nerve. Individuals with CTS exhibited widespread mechanical and thermal pain hyperalgesia, although they suffered from unilateral symptoms. Further, patients also showed wide-spread impairments in vibration conduction, deficits in fine motor control and changes in the somato-sensory cortex. These evidences support the presence of a complex process of peripheral and central sensitization in patients with CTS which may constitute a negative prognosis factor for the management of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: The advances in neurosciences in the last years support the presence of peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms in CTS. These mechanisms justify the necessity of conceptual changes and in the management, both conservative and surgical, of this syndrome. Additionally, central sensitization can also play a relevant role in the prognosis of CTS since it can constitute a negative prognosis factor for its treatment.


Subject(s)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/physiopathology , Central Nervous System Sensitization , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Humans , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology
5.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 34(2): 51-58, mar.-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111222

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Comparar el efecto en el dolor, movilidad cervical y umbral de dolor a la presión después de una manipulación vertebral cervical o dorsal en pacientes con cervicalgia mecánica subaguda. Métodos Se realizó un estudio piloto aleatorizado a simple ciego. Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente dentro del grupo de manipulación cervical (n=9) o al grupo de manipulación dorsal (n=9). Las variables medidas fueron el dolor en reposo del paciente (escala visual analógica), rango de movilidad cervical y el umbral de dolor a la presión, antes y 5min después de la intervención por un evaluador ciego. Las comparaciones intragrupales e intergrupales se realizaron con el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y la prueba de la t de Student. Resultados Dieciocho pacientes, 7 varones y 11 mujeres, con dolor mecánico subagudo de cuello participaron en el estudio. Los cambios intragrupales mostraron una mejora estadísticamente significativa en el dolor de cuello, movilidad cervical y los umbrales de dolor a la presión en ambos grupos (p<0,05). La comparación inter-grupal del efecto no mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos en ninguna de las variables medidas (p>0,05). Por tanto, ambos grupos mostraron una mejoría similar en las variables. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados sugieren que una manipulación cervical y dorsal produce un efecto similar en la disminución del dolor e incremento del rango de movilidad activo y umbrales de dolor mecánico en pacientes con cervicalgia mecánica subaguda. Se necesitan ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con una muestra de pacientes mayor para confirmar nuestros resultados (AU)


Purpose To compare the immediate effects on neck pain, active cervical range of motion and pressure pain thresholds after a single cervical or thoracic spine manipulation in patients with subacute mechanical neck pain. Methods A randomized single-blinded pilot study was conducted. Subjects were divided randomly into either a cervical spine manipulation group (n=9) or a thoracic spine manipulation group (n=9). Outcome measures were neck pain at rest (visual analogue scale), active cervical range of motion and pressure pain thresholds over C5-C6 zygapophyseal joints and both lateral epicondyles, before treatment and 5minutes after treatment by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were made with different analyses of variance (ANOVA) and the T-student test. Results Eighteen patients, 7 males and 11 females, with subacute mechanical neck pain participated. Within-group changes showed a significant improvement in neck pain, cervical mobility and pressure pain thresholds in both groups (p<.05). The intergroup comparison did not show significant differences between either manipulative group s in any of the measures (p>.05). Therefore, both groups exhibited similar improvements in the outcomes. Conclusions Our results suggest that a single cervical spine manipulation or a single thoracic thrust spine manipulation produce similar effects in reducing neck pain at rest and in increasing active cervical range of motion and segmental pressure pain thresholds in individuals with sub-acute mechanical neck pain. Future randomized clinical trials with greater sample sizes are now needed to further confirm our results (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Neck Pain/therapy , Manipulation, Spinal/methods , Pain Management/methods , Musculoskeletal Manipulations/methods
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