A novel independence intervention to treat child anxiety: A nonconcurrent multiple baseline evaluation.

Rates of child and adolescent anxiety have increased markedly over the past decade (Haidt & Twenge, 2023). Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is the gold standard in the treatment of anxious children (Hofmann et al. (2012)). However, many clinicians refrain from using exposure due to concerns about its safety, effectiveness, and ethics (Deacon et al., 2013; Whiteside et al., 2016). We propose a novel treatment approach for child anxiety composed of independence activities (IAs), which are child-directed, fun, unstructured, developmentally challenging tasks performed without parents' help. These tasks are purposely topographically unrelated to the stimuli that cause anxiety, in direct contrast to exposure therapy. Despite this dissimilarity, IAs target putative mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of child anxiety (e.g., parental accommodation and overinvolvement, child avoidance, unhelpful thinking styles). Using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, this five-session treatment provided preliminary evidence of high treatment acceptability from children and parents. Medium to large improvements were reported in child anxiety and avoidance, parent and child (behavioral and cognitive) mechanisms involved in the maintenance of child anxiety, and untargeted secondary outcomes such as child happiness. Results may suggest a new treatment paradigm, which is desperately needed, given unabated increases in child and adolescent anxiety despite vast resources being directed toward the problem.

YouTube® as a source of information for Spanish-speaking patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Social media (SoMe) has reshaped access to health information, which may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although an evaluation of the characteristics of contents for Spanish-speaking patients is lacking. We aimed to assess patient engagement, reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of data uploaded to YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients. METHODS: We evaluated the videos uploaded to YouTube® in Spanish about RA. Information about video length, engagement (i.e., views, likes, popularity index), time online, and the source was retrieved; we appraised reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness (content score), and quality (Global Quality Score) using standardized scores. RESULTS: We included 200 videos in the study and classified 67% of the videos as useful. These videos had a higher number of views (19,491 [10,132-61,162] vs. 11,208 [8183-20,538]), a longer time online (1156 [719-2254] vs. 832 [487-1708] days), and a shorter duration (6.3 [3.4-15.8] vs. 11.8 [7.4-20.3] min). Engagement parameters were similar between useful and misleading videos. Useful videos had higher reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality scores. Useful videos were mainly uploaded by independent users and government/news agencies; academic organizations offered only 15% of useful videos. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the information in YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients with RA is useful; however, patient engagement is similar between useful and misleading content. More substantial involvement of academia in developing high-quality educational multimedia is warranted.

YouTube® as a source of information for Spanish-speaking patients with rheumatoid arthritis / YouTube® como fuente de información para pacientes hispanohablantes con artritis reumatoide

Introduction: Social media (SoMe) has reshaped access to health information, which may benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although an evaluation of the characteristics of contents for Spanish-speaking patients is lacking. We aimed to assess patient engagement, reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of data uploaded to YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients. Methods: We evaluated the videos uploaded to YouTube® in Spanish about RA. Information about video length, engagement (i.e., views, likes, popularity index), time online, and the source was retrieved; we appraised reliability (DISCERN), comprehensiveness (content score), and quality (Global Quality Score) using standardized scores. Results: We included 200 videos in the study and classified 67% of the videos as useful. These videos had a higher number of views (19,491 [10,132–61,162] vs. 11,208 [8183–20,538]), a longer time online (1156 [719–2254] vs. 832 [487–1708] days), and a shorter duration (6.3 [3.4–15.8] vs. 11.8 [7.4–20.3] min). Engagement parameters were similar between useful and misleading videos. Useful videos had higher reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality scores. Useful videos were mainly uploaded by independent users and government/news agencies; academic organizations offered only 15% of useful videos. Conclusions: Most of the information in YouTube® for Spanish-speaking patients with RA is useful; however, patient engagement is similar between useful and misleading content. More substantial involvement of academia in developing high-quality educational multimedia is warranted.(AU)

Introducción: Las redes sociales (ReSo) han redefinido el acceso a la información en salud, beneficiando a los pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR). No se cuenta con una evaluación de las características de su contenido para pacientes hispanohablantes. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los parámetros de interacción, la confiabilidad, la exhaustividad y la calidad de la información disponible en YouTube® para pacientes hispanohablantes con AR. Métodos: Evaluamos los videos en español sobre AR disponibles en YouTube®. Se extrajo información sobre la duración del video, los parámetros de interacción (por ejemplo, vistas, likes, índice de popularidad), el tiempo en línea y la fuente generadora. Estimamos la confiabilidad (DISCERN), la exhaustividad (puntaje de contenido) y la calidad (Global Quality Score) utilizando puntajes estandarizados. Resultados: Incluimos 200 videos en el estudio y clasificamos a 67% como videos útiles. Estos videos tuvieron un mayor número de vistas (19.491 [10.132-61.162] vs. 11.208 [8.183-20.538]), un mayor tiempo en línea (1.156 [719-2.254] vs. 832 [487-1.708] días) y una menor duración (6,3 [3,4-15,8] vs. 11,8 [7,4-20,3] min). Los parámetros de interacción fueron similares entre los videos útiles y los no útiles. Los videos útiles presentaron puntajes mayores de confiabilidad, exhaustividad y calidad; en su mayoría fueron generados por usuarios independientes y por organizaciones gubernamentales/agencias de noticias. Las organizaciones académicas generaron únicamente 15% de los videos útiles. Conclusiones: La mayoría de la información en YouTube® para pacientes hispanohablantes con AR es útil. Sin embargo, los parámetros de interacción son similares entre los videos útiles y los no útiles. Se requiere una mayor participación de las organizaciones académicas en el desarrollo de multimedia educativo de alta calidad.(AU)

COVID-19 infection during blinatumomab therapy: Is safety a dilemma?

Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness. The mainstay of current treatment is the use of blinatumomab in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We discuss the case of a patient with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia who became positive for SARS-CoV-2 during blinatumomab therapy. There are no formal recommendations on the decision to continue, withhold, or delay blinatumomab treatment in these patients. More studies exploring this issue are warranted, as SARS-CoV-2 is expected to be here to stay.

Vivencia de la espiritualidad en el paciente con cáncer en quimioterapia ambulatoria / Experience of spirituality in cancer patients undergoing ambulatory chemotherapy / Experiências de espiritualidade em pacientes com câncer em quimioterapia ambulatorial

Objetivo: Analizar la vivencia de la espiritualidad en el paciente con cáncer en tratamiento con quimioterapia ambulatoria. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque histórico hermenéutico. Participaron seis personas con diagnóstico de cáncer que se encontraban en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria en tres centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia entre julio de 2020 y julio de 2021. La información se recolectó a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El proceso de análisis se realizó utilizando técnicas de la teoría fundamentada de Strauss y Corbin, tales como: microanálisis, codificación abierta, codificación axial y comparación constante. Resultado: La forma como los pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria viven la espiritualidad se representa a través de las siguientes categorías: "Emociones vividas durante el tratamiento como impulso para seguir adelante", "Las redes de apoyo, una fuente de fortaleza y esperanza", "El cáncer, una prueba divina entre las limitaciones y el aprendizaje", "La empatía del personal de salud, un mecanismo para afrontar la enfermedad y generar bienestar" y "La espiritualidad, una fuerza que cambia la perspectiva de la enfermedad". Conclusiones: Pese a la connotación negativa del diagnóstico de cáncer, la dimensión espiritual en el paciente con cáncer en tratamiento de quimioterapia ambulatoria contribuye a que la persona vea la enfermedad desde una perspectiva positiva, aumente la fe y la esperanza para continuar luchando, le dé un sentido de que todo ha valido la pena, permite ver más allá y proporcionatranquilidad para enfrentar las adversidades ocasionadas por el cáncer.

Objective: To analyze the experience of spirituality in cancer patients undergoing treatment with ambulatory chemotherapy. Materials and methods: A qualitative research with a historica hermeneutic approach. Six people with a diagnosis of cancer who were undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment in three health care centers in the city of Medellin, Colombia between July 2020 and July 2021 participated. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis process was carried out using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory techniques: microanalysis, open coding, axial coding, and constant comparison. Results: The way cancer patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment experience spirituality is represented through the following categories: "Emotions experienced during treatment as an impetus to move forward", "Support networks, a source of strength and hope", "Cancer, a divine test between limitations and learning", "Empathy of health personnel, a mechanism to coping with the disease and generate well-being", and "Spirituality, a force that changes the perspective of the disease". Conclusions: Despite the negative connotation of the diagnosis of cancer, the spiritual dimension in the cancer patient undergoing outpatient chemotherapy treatment contributes to the person seeing the disease from a positive perspective, increases faith and hope to continue fighting, gives a sense that everything has been worthwhile, allows seeing beyond and provides peace of mind to facethe adversities caused by cancer.

Objetivo: Analisar a experiência da espiritualidade em pacientes com câncer em quimioterapia ambulatorial. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa com uma abordagem histórico hermenéutico. Participaram seis pessoas diagnosticadas com câncer que estavam em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial em três centros de atendimento da cidade de Medellín, Colômbia, entre julho de 2020 e julho de 2021. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O processo de análise foi realizado utilizando as técnicas de teoria fundamentada de Strauss e Corbin, tais como: microanálise, codificação aberta, codificação axial e comparação constante. Resultado: A forma como os pacientes oncológicos em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial vivenciam a espiritualidade é representada por meio das seguintes categorias: "Emoções experimentadas durante o tratamento como um ímpeto para seguir em frente", "Redes de apoio, fonte de força e esperança", "Câncer, teste divino entre limitações e aprendizagem", "A empatia do pessoal de saúde, um mecanismo para enfrentamento da doença e gerar bem-estar" e "A espiritualidade, uma força que muda a perspectiva da doença". Conclusões: Apesar da conotação negativa do diagnóstico de câncer, a dimensão espiritual em pacientes com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial ajuda a pessoa a ver a doença de uma perspectiva positiva, aumenta a fé e a esperança de continuar lutando, dá a sensação de que tudo valeu a pena, permite você enxergar além e traz tranquilidade para enfrentar as adversidades causadas pelo câncer.

Social media as source of information for Spanish-speaking patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

INTRODUCTION: Although patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may benefit from health-care information in social media (SoMe), they may also be prone to misleading information. An assessment of the reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality of information uploaded to SoMe for Spanish-speaking patients with SLE is lacking. METHODS: This analytical observational study evaluates the videos uploaded to YouTube® in Spanish about SLE. Information about video length, engagement (i.e., views and likes), time on the internet, popularity index, and source was retrieved, and an evaluation on reliability, comprehensiveness, and quality was performed using standardized scores. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-six videos were included in the analysis. Most videos were considered as useful (87%) or useful patient opinion (8.1%), whereas only 2.2% were considered misleading and 2.7% as misleading patient opinion. The number of views (Median 7207 vs 113,877, p = .012), popularity index (Median 13.8 vs 168.7, p < .001), number of likes (Median 155 vs 3400, p < .001), and number of dislikes (Median 3 vs 138, p = .004) were higher for misleading videos. The videos uploaded by independent users had a higher engagement than those from government or news agencies, professional organizations or academic channels. Misleading videos and those uploaded by independent users had lower rates of reliability, comprehensiveness and quality (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the information shown in YouTube® videos on SLE tends to be useful. However, audience engagement parameters are larger for misleading videos. Exploring the qualitative features of the most popular videos is necessary to establish what features are more engaging for the audiences and to improve the content and popularity of reliable videos on chronic diseases.

Sleep Behaviors and Handedness in Gifted and Non-Gifted Children.

Patterns of sleep behaviors appear to differ across students with special needs including those classified with developmental disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. One understudied segment of the special needs population is that of gifted children, students who bring their own unique set of behavioral characteristics. In the present study, it was hypothesized that because of unique cognitive and socio-emotional intensities, gifted children would experience elevated levels of sleep disturbance in comparison to their non-gifted peers. Handedness was also surveyed for additional insight into cerebral organization. The study's participants were 35 gifted and 23 non-gifted students between the ages of 8-12. To measure sleep behaviors, data from the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Abbreviated), Sleep Self-Report, and a sleep diary were collected. To assess handedness, the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was administered. Results indicated that although gifted students did trend toward experiencing more sleep disturbance, when compared to non-gifted students, no significant differences were found in mean bedtime, hours slept, sleeping problems, or use of electronic devices before bedtime. In terms of handedness, gifted participants displayed more left-hand bias. Although no differences were found between sleep patterns of gifted vs. non-gifted children, this study adds to the limited evidential base on gifted children, handedness, and sleep. Additional research on sleep behaviors within this special needs cohort may be warranted.

Relación enfermera-familia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Hacia una comprensión empática / Nurse-Family Relationship in the Intensive Care Unit. Towards an Empathic Understanding / Relação enfermeiro-família em unidade de terapia intensiva. Em direção a uma compreensão empática

Resumen Introducción: desde la perspectiva de humanizar el cuidado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, se ha evidenciado la importancia de prestar más atención a los familiares del paciente e incluirlos en las dinámicas de la unidad. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la relación entre el profesional de enfermería de la unidad de cuidados intensivos adultos y los familiares, desde la perspectiva de estos últimos y elaborar un planteamiento teórico que describa su proceso de construcción. Materiales y métodos: el estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cualitativo de investigación y la tradición de la teoría fundamentada. Se realizaron 26 entrevistas a familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en diferentes unidades de cuidados intensivos y 100 horas de observación participante entre julio del 2017 y julio de 2019. El análisis de la información se hizo según la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin para la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: se identificó una categoría central (la relación enfermera-familia) hacia una comprensión empática, con cuatro subcategorías: formas de relación; el ideal profesional, la comprensión empática; la construcción de una relación profesional a partir de la interacción, la comunicación y la información, y las barreras en la relación enfermería-familia. Conclusiones: la relación enfermera-familia se fundamenta en la comprensión empática y tiene tres pilares centrales: la interacción, la comunicación y la información, ya que propician la comprensión y favorecen la creación de relaciones empáticas y de confianza, lo cual contribuye a la humanización del cuidado profesional.

Abstract Introduction: From the perspective of humanizing care in the Intensive Care Unit, the importance of paying more attention to the patient's family members and include them in the dynamics of the unit has become evident. The objective of the study was to understand the relationship between the nursing professional of the Adult Intensive Care Unit and the relatives, from the perspective of the latter and to elaborate a theoretical approach that describes their construction process. Materials and methods: The study was developed under the qualitative approach of research and the tradition of grounded theory. 26 interviews were conducted with relatives of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit and 100 hours of participant observation between July 2017 and July 2019. The analysis of the information was made based on the proposal of Strauss and Corbin for the grounded theory. Results: A central category was identified, the nurse-family relationship, towards empathic understanding, with four subcategories: relationship forms, the professional ideal, empathic understanding, the construction of a professional relationship based on interaction, communication and information; and the barriers in the nursing-family relationship. Conclusions: The nurse-family relationship is based on empathic understanding and has three central pillars, interaction, communication and information, since they promote understanding and favor the creation of empathetic and trusting relationships, which contributes to the humanization of the professional care.

Resumo Introdução: na perspectiva da humanização do cuidado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, fica evidente a importância de se dar mais atenção aos familiares do paciente e incluí-los na dinâmica da unidade. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a relação entre o profissional de enfermagem de unidade de terapia intensiva de adultos e os familiares, na perspectiva destes últimos, e desenvolver uma abordagem teórica que descreva seu processo de construção. Materiais e métodos: o estudo foi desenvolvido sob a abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa e a tradição da teoria fundamentada. Foram realizadas 26 entrevistas com familiares de pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva e 100 horas de observação participante entre julho de 2017 e julho de 2019. A análise das informações foi feita com base na proposta de Strauss e Corbin para a teoria fundamentada. Resultados: identificou-se uma categoria central, a relação enfermeiro-família, no sentido de uma compreensão empática, com quatro subcategorias: formas de relacionamento, o ideal profissional-compreensão empática, a construção de uma relação profissional a partir da interação, a comunicação e informação; e barreiras na relação enfermeiro-família. Conclusões: A relação enfermeiro-família é baseada na compreensão empática e possui três pilares centrais, a interação, a comunicação e a informação, uma vez que promovem a compreensão e favorecem a criação de relações empáticas e de confiança, o que contribui para a humanização do cuidado profissional.

Functionalization with PEG/Angiopep-2 peptide to improve the delivery of gold nanoprisms to central nervous system: in vitro and in vivo studies.

One of main drawbacks for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies is ensuring the delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, gold nanoprisms (GNPr) have become an emerging nanomaterial with a localized surface plasmon resonance in the biological window, showing applications in both detection and treatment of diseases. In this work, GNPr were functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Angiopep-2 (Ang2) peptide to obtain a new highly stable nanomaterial and evaluate its toxicity and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a zebrafish larvae model. The success in the functionalization was confirmed by a full characterization that showed the physicochemical changes at each step. In turn, the colloidal stability of GNPr-PEG-Ang2 in biologically relevant media also was demonstrated. The toxicity assays of GNPr-PEG-Ang2 performed on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and on zebrafish larvae showed no effects both in vitro and in vivo. GNPr delivery to the CNS was studied in zebrafish larvae by immersion. We confirmed that functionalization with PEG-Ang2 improved the crossing through the BBB in this model compared with GNPr functionalized only with PEG. Notably, our nanomaterial was not detected in the CNS of zebrafish larvae 24 h after exposure that correlates with an adequate clearance of GNPr-PEG-Ang2 from the brain. This report is the first study of GNPr in the in vivo model of zebrafish larvae demonstrating that its functionalization with Ang2 allows the crossing of the BBB. Moreover, considering the stability achieved of the GNPr-PEG-Ang2 and the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, this work becomes a high contribution to the design of new nanomaterials with potential biomedical applications for CNS-related diseases.

La experiencia de los cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer. Estudio fenomenológico / The experience of family caregivers of people with cancer. Phenomenological study / A experiência dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com câncer. Estudo fenomenológico

Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida de los cuidadores familiares de personas que padecen enfermedades oncológicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo, basado en la fenomenología interpretativa. Se desarrolló en Medellín, Colombia, entre julio de 2018 y junio de 2019. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de entrevis-tas semiestructuradas realizadas a diez cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades oncológicas. El total de los participantes estuvo determinado por la saturación teórica de los temas emergentes. Resultados: La experiencia que vive el cuidador familiar de una persona que padece cáncer, se manifiesta a través de tres temas emergentes: enfrentarse a un nuevo camino, en el que hay situaciones derivadas de la enfermedad que imponen unas cargas y de-mandan un sobre-esfuerzo al cuidador. Organizarse para cuidar, el cual se refiere a la manera como se organizan a través del establecimiento de roles, rutinas y redes de apoyo, para hacer frente al cuidado del ser querido. Transformaciones para la vida, que se refieren a la manera como la vida cambia a partir de la experiencia de cuidado. Conclusiones: La experiencia que viven los cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer se interpreta como una vida de entrega hacía su pariente enfermo, en la que el nuevo camino al que se enfrentan, la organ-ización de su vida para cuidarlo y las transformaciones que experimentan, giran en torno a la enfermedad y al cuidado que demanda la persona con cáncer

Objective: Understand the experience of family caregivers of people with oncologic diseases. Materials and methods: Study with a qualitative approach, based on the interpretative phe-nomenology analysis. It was developed in Medellin, Colombia, between July of 2018 and June of 2019. The recollection of information was made through semi-structured interviews on ten family caregivers of people with oncologic diseases. The total of the participants was determined by the theoretical saturation of the emerging subjects. Results: The experience lived by the family caregiver of a person with cancer, is manifested through three emerging subjects: facing a new way, where there are new situations derived from the disease that impose workloads and demand an over exertion of the caregiver. Organizing to care, which refers to the ways they organize themselves through the establishment of roles, routines and support networks, to cope with the care of loved one. Life transformations, which refers to the way that life changes from the experience of care. Conclusions: The experience of family caregivers of people with cancer is interpreted as a life dedicated to their sick relative, where the new path they face, the organization of their life for caring and the transformations expe-riences, revolve around the disease and the care demanded by a person with cancer

Objetivo: compreender a experiência vivida dos cuidadores familiares de pessoas que pa-decem doenças oncológicas. Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo baseado na fenomen-ologia interpretativa. Desenvolveu-se em Medellín, Colômbia, entre julho de 2018 e junho de 2019. A informação foi coletada através de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas a dez cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doenças oncológicas. O total dos participantes esteve determinado pela saturação teórica dos temas emergentes. Resultados: a experiência que vive o cuidador familiar da pessoa com câncer, manifesta-se através de três temas: enfrentar-se ao novo caminho, em que há situações derivadas da doença que impõem cargas e demandam maior esforço do cuidador. Organizar-se para cuidar, refere-se à maneira como organiza os seus papeis, rutinas e redes de apoio, para fazer frente ao cuidado requerido. Transformações para a vida, maneira como a vida muda a partir da experiência do cuidado. Conclusões: a experiência vivida pelos cuidadores familiares de pessoas com câncer interpreta-se como uma vida de doação ao seu parente doente, na que o novo caminho percorrido, a organização da sua vida para cuidar-lhe e as transformações que experimentam ao redor da doença e ao cuidado que demanda a pessoa com câncer

Pilot Study of an Online Parent-Training Course for Disruptive Behavior with Live Remote Coaching for Practitioners.

OBJECTIVE: Many clinicians find it challenging to obtain training in evidence-based interventions, including behavioral parent training, which is considered the front-line treatment for children with disruptive behaviors (Chacko et al., 2017). Workshops, ongoing consultation, and feedback provided in person are effective, yet are rarely feasible for clinicians in the field (Fixsen, Blase, Duda, Naoom, & Van Dyke, 2010). The purpose of the present study was to conduct a preliminary assessment of an online tutorial combined with live remote coaching for training mental health professionals in behavioral parent training. METHOD: Participants in this pretest-posttest open trial were 22 clinicians and graduate students (73% female) from around the United States. RESULTS: The web platform operated successfully, and clinicians found the training to be highly satisfactory. Compared to pre-training, participants demonstrated large improvements in knowledge about disruptive behavior and behavioral parent training and performed significantly better on demonstrations of skill in administering behavioral parent-training components. CONCLUSIONS: An online course combined with live remote coaching is a promising methodology for significantly increasing the number of clinicians trained in evidence-based interventions for disruptive behavior in children. Next steps for evaluation and expansion of this training model are discussed.

Osteomielitis crónica recurrente multifocal: Reporte de tres casos y revisión bibliográfica / Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: Report of three cases and literature review

La osteomielitis crónica recurrente multifocal es un trastorno inflamatorio estéril en las extremidades. Afecta principalmente a niños simulando una osteomielitis infecciosa. Puede estar asociada a trastornos inflamatorios cutáneos y del tracto intestinal. Los niveles de reactantes de fase aguda están normales o levemente altos. Las radiografías muestran lesiones osteolíticas rodeadas por esclerosis, pero pueden ser normales al inicio de la enfermedad. Identificar las características propias de la enfermedad y descartar una etiología infecciosa permiten establecer un diagnóstico oportuno y ofrecer el manejo adecuado. Se presentan tres casos de esta patología. Un hombre de 24 años con síntomas inflamatorios persistentes y recidivantes en el tobillo derecho, de 8 años de evolución. Una niña de 11 años que acude reiterativamente por dolor en hemitórax, clavícula derecha y tobillo izquierdo, y una niña de 12 años con múltiples episodios breves de síntomas inflamatorios en ambos tobillos. Los tres casos, sin leucocitosis, reactantes de fase aguda levemente aumentados o negativos, con criterios mayores y menores de Jasson para diagnóstico de esta patología. Los cuadros mejoraron con antinflamatorios no esteroides. Es importante conocer esta rara entidad como posibilidad diagnóstica, pues un diagnóstico oportuno evita el uso innecesario de antibióticos y la resolución del cuadro se logra con antinflamatorios no esteroides, sin necesidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos que aumentan las comorbilidades. Nivel de Evidencia: V

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a sterile inflammatory limb disorder. It mainly affects children simulating an infectious osteomyelitis. It may be associated with inflammatory skin and intestinal tract disorders. Acute phase reactant levels are normal or slightly high. X-rays show osteolytic injuries surrounded by sclerosis, which may be normal at the beginning of the disease. A timely diagnosis based on identifying the disease characteristics and ruling out an infectious etiology, allows to indicate the proper treatment. We present three patients with this pathology. A 24-year-old man with persistent and recurrent inflammatory symptoms in the right ankle, that evolved for 8 years. An 11-year-old girl who periodically attends due to pain in hemithorax, right clavicle and left ankle; and a 12-year-old girl with multiple brief episodes of inflammatory symptoms in both ankles. The three cases, without leukocytosis, acute phase reactants slightly increased or negative, with major and minor Jasson's diagnosis criteria for this pathology. These conditions improved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is important to know this rare condition as a diagnostic possibility, as a timely diagnosis prevents unnecessary use of antibiotics and it may resolve with a simple therapy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, without the need of surgical procedures that increase comorbidities. Level of Evidence: V

Electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter to address gastroesophageal reflux disease after sleeve gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) can result in de novo and worsen preexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Post-LSG patients with GERD refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPI) usually undergo more invasive, anatomy-altering Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) electrical stimulation (ES) preserves the anatomy and has been shown to improve outcomes in GERD patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of LES-ES in post-LSG patients with GERD not controlled with maximal PPI therapy. SETTING: Prospective, international, multicenter registry. METHODS: Patients with LSG-associated GERD partially responsive to PPI underwent LES-ES. GERD outcomes pre- and poststimulation were evaluated based on quality of life, esophageal acid exposure (after 6-12 mo), and PPI use. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (11 female, 65%), treated at 6 centers between May 2014 and October, 2016 with a median follow-up of 12 months (range 6-24), received LES-ES. Median age was 48.6 years (interquartile range, 40.5-56), median body mass index 31.7 kg/m2 (27.9-39.3). All patients were on at least daily PPI preoperatively; at last follow-up, 7 (41%) were completely off PPI, 5 (29%) took PPI on an intermittent basis, and 5 (29%) were on single-dose PPI. Median GERD-health-related quality of life scores improved from 34 (on-PPI, 25-41) at baseline to 9 (6-13) at last follow-up (off-PPI, P<.001). Percentage of time with esophageal pH<4 improved from 13.2% (3.7-30.7) to 5.8% (1.1-54.4), P = .01. CONCLUSION: LES-ES in post-LSG patients suffering from symptomatic, PPI-refractory GERD resulted in significant improvement of GERD-symptoms, esophageal acid exposure, and need for PPI. Preserving the post-LSG anatomy, it offers a valid option for patients unable or unwilling to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Endoscopia cooperativa con laparoscopia: una nueva alternativa para el manejo del cáncer gástrico temprano / Cooperative Endoscopic Laparoscopy: a new alternative for management of early gastric cancer

Usualmente, el cáncer temprano se trata con una resección submucosa; sin embargo, existen casos donde la lesión es muy grande, se ubica en un sitio muy difícil de disecar o tiene un patrón histológico muy agresivo, caso en el cual estaría indicada la gastrectomía. Este procedimiento es demasiado mutilante y da al paciente una mala calidad de vida y es ahí donde la endoscopia cooperativa con laparoscopia puede ser una nueva alternativa para el manejo de esta patología. En esta serie de casos presentamos la experiencia en nuestro hospital con esta técnica, mostrando cuáles son sus diferentes variables con el fin de que pueda ser aplicada en nuestro país.

Usually early gastric cancer is treated by submucosal resection, but for a case in which the lesion is very large, is located in a very difficult place for resection, or has a very aggressive histological pattern, a gastrectomy is indicated. This procedure is too mutilating and results in poor patient quality of life. For these cases cooperative endoscopic laparoscopy may be a new alternative for management of the condition. This series of cases presents our hospital’s experience with this technique and shows the variables faced with the procedure so that it can be applied elsewhere in our country.

Cultural diversity: do we need a new wake-up call for parent training?

In 1996, Forehand and Kotchick concluded that parent-training (PT) interventions largely ignored cultural influences on parenting behavior. They reasoned that the failure to integrate the influence of ethnicity into theories of parenting behavior could result in culturally biased and less effective interventions. The present article addresses whether their "wake-up call" went unheard. We review research on PT treatment studies and examine (a) the rate of inclusion of ethnic minority parents in PT research, (b) the effectiveness of PT across ethnic groups, and (c) the effectiveness of culturally adapted PT interventions. Results show that there has been an increase in the ethnic diversity of PT treatment studies over the past three decades, yet only one methodologically sound study directly examined ethnicity as a moderator of PT treatment outcome. Despite the paucity of evidence that ethnicity is a moderator of parent-training outcomes, a number of culturally adapted PT treatments have been developed. These adapted interventions have rarely been tested against the unadapted interventions on which they are based. The results fail to support the current emphasis on ethnicity in efforts to improve the effectiveness of PT. We present methodological and conceptual limitations in the existing literature and provide recommendations for researchers studying the effects of ethnicity on PT outcomes.

Manejo endoscópico del vólvulo gástrico / Endoscopic treatment of gastric volvulus

El vólvulo gástrico es una enfermedad muy rara que puede ser aguda o crónica y estar asociada a otras patologías. Es muy importante su rápida identificación porque de su tratamiento oportuno va a depender el pronóstico del paciente. Usualmente el manejo es quirúrgico con la gastropexia abierta o laparoscopia; sin embargo, puede intentarse un manejo endoscópico el cual es más rápido, sencillo y genera una menor morbilidad para los pacientes.Presentamos en este artículo dos casos de vólvulo gástrico que fueron devolvulados de manera endoscópica; se describe detalladamente la técnica y se hace una revisión de la literatura de esta extraña enfermedad.

Gastric volvulus is a very rare disease which may be either acute or chronic, and which may be associated with other pathologies. Quick identification of gastric volvulus is very important because the prognosis of the patient depends on opportune treatment. Usually open gastropexy or laparoscopy is performed. Nevertheless, endoscopic treatment can be tried since it is faster and simpler and results in less morbidity.In this article we present two cases of endoscopic devolvulation of gastric volvulus. The technique is described in detail and we present a review of the literature regarding this strange disease.

No association between music ability and hand preference in children.

Hand preference was studied in 2 groups of children-children with musical ability and children without musical ability-to examine whether particular markers that may connect with handedness patterns, such as bias away from dextrality or mixed-handedness, stabilize during childhood and are associated with musical ability. Children were administered the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory to determine levels of right, left, and mixed handedness. Results demonstrated no differences in hand preference between both cohorts of children, suggesting the relative independence of musical ability and handedness. However, the inclusion of handedness as a motor marker for musical ability in children in conjunction with other preexisting neurocognitive factors cannot be entirely discounted.

Colecistectomía transvaginal híbrida y por incisión umbilical única asistida con imanes: serie de casos / Magnet assisted transvaginal hybrid approach cholecystectomy and magnet assisted single umbilical incision cholecystectomy

Introducción. Describimos nuestra experiencia inicial en pacientes con diagnóstico de colelitiasis a quienes se les practicó colecistectomía por vía híbrida transvaginal y, en otro grupo, por incisión umbilical única. En ambos grupos se utilizaron imanes durante la disección y extracción de la vesícula biliar. Pacientes y métodos. Se presenta una serie clínica de casos intervenidos por colelitiasis, divididos en dos grupos. Uno se intervino por abordaje a través de una incisión umbilical única (single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy) y, otro, por vía transvaginal híbrida, en ambos casos con la ayuda de imanes. Se reportan la duración de las cirugías, el tiempo de hospitalización, las complicaciones y el seguimiento posoperatorio durante tres meses. Resultados. Se operaron 23 pacientes, 10 por vía transvaginal híbrida y 13 por incisión umbilical única. No hubo conversiones a colecistectomía laparoscópica de cuatro puertos o abierta. Para la disección y extracción de la vesícula, se utilizaron un clip imantado de 2.500 gauss y un imán externo de 15.000 gauss. Fue mayor la duración de la cirugía en el grupo de abordaje por incisión umbilical única. No hubo complicaciones posoperatorias mayores. No se presentaron complicaciones abdominales ni ginecológicas asociadas al acceso transvaginal, durante el seguimiento posoperatorio. Conclusión. En la colecistectomía por laparoscopia, tanto el abordaje transvaginal híbrido como por incisión umbilical única fueron tan seguros, eficaces y reproducibles como la técnica tradicional, en manos de cirujanos con experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica. En el grupo de abordaje transvaginal híbrido, el tiempo quirúrgico fue menor que en el grupo de incisión umbilical única, pero ambas técnicas tienen tiempos quirúrgicos aceptables. Es más fácil adaptar la técnica transvaginal híbrida, por lo menos, inicialmente pues no requiere instrumental especial. El uso de imanes brinda una excelente exposición del triángulo...

Introduction. Report of our initial experience with hybrid transvaginal cholecystectomy and with single incision transumbilical cholecystectomy in patients with the diagnosis of uncomplicated cholelithiasis using anchor magnetic device in both types of approach. Patients and methods. Prospective clinical case series. Patients were divided into two groups: Single Incision Transumbilical Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (SILC) and Hybrid Transvaginal Cholecystectomy. An anchor magnetic device for intraoperative manipulation of the gallbladder was used in both groups. Operating time, length of hospital stay, complications, and postoperative course are reported. Results. A total of 23 patients were included, 10 by the hybrid transvaginal approach and 13 by the single incision umbilical approach. A magnetic retraction system was used for retraction, dissection and extraction of the gallbladder. Operating time was longer for the umbilical approach. There were no major complications. None of the patients registered abdominal or gynecological complaints, including discomfort at sexual intercourse. Conclusion. Both approaches are safe and comparable to the traditional technique at centers where laparoscopy is performed regularly. Although the umbilical approach registered shorter operating time, both types of procedure recorded acceptable operating times. The use of the magnetic device allows excellent exposure of Calot's triangle and facilitates traction and retraction during the procedure. The good cosmetic result is evident for both approaches. Further prospective trials should be done in order to determine the clinical applicability of these two types of cholecystectomy.

Papilotomia endoscopica intraoperatoria durante colecistectomia en el tratamiento de la colecistocoledocolitiasis / Endoscopic papillotomy during cholecystotectomy for cholecystocholedocolithiasis treatment

Introducción: los pacientes con colelitiasis sintomática y sospecha de coledocolitíasis constituyen un problema clínico frecuente aunque existen diferentes estrategias para el abordaje de su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Este estudio evalúa la en cada del tratamiento de la colecistocoledocolitiasis en un solo tiempo efectuando una papilotomía endoscópica con extracción de los cálculos durante la colecistectomía. Materiales y Métodos: treinta y cuatro pacientes (30 mujeres y 4 hombres; edad promedio 40.1 años, rango 14a 78) fueron llevados a colecistectomía y papilotomía endoscópica. Una colangiografía intraoperatoria (CIO) transcística confirmó coledocolitíasis u obstrucción del paso del medio de contraste al duodeno. A través de una guía hidrofílica pasada a través del cístico se insertó un papilótomo endoscópicamentey se realizó papilotomía y remoción de calados con canastilla e irrigación transcística. Resultados: se encontró coledocolitíasis en 32 pacientes (94 por ciento) y obstrucción al paso del medio de contraste en dos individuos (6 por ciento). La papilotomía fue posible en todos los casos y se logró la extracción de cálculos en 28 pacientes (8 7.5 por ciento. Tres pacientes requirieron procedimientos endoscópicos adicionales para extracción de los calados. Una paciente necesitó cirugía abierta. Dos pacientes tuvieron complicaciones relacionadas con papilotomía (5.8 por ciento) y no hubo mortalidad. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 2.8 días y el seguimiento a 38 días. Conclusión: la técnica combinada endoscópica y quirúrgica, es eficaz para el tratamiento de pacientes con colecistocoledocolitiasis