ABSTRACT
Introduction. During the development of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Antioquia, we experienced epidemiological peaks related to the α, É£, ß, Æ, and δ variants. δ had the highest incidence and prevalence. This lineage is of concern due to its clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 253 δ sublineages have been reported in the PANGOLIN database. The sublineage identification through genomic analysis has made it possible to trace their evolution and propagation. Objective. To characterize the genetic diversity of the different SARS-CoV-2 δ sublineages in Antioquia and to describe its prevalence. Materials and methods. We collected sociodemographic information from 2,675 samples, and obtained 1,115 genomes from the GISAID database between July 12th, 2021, and January 18th, 2022. From the analyzed genomes, 515 were selected because of their high coverage values (>90%) to perform phylogenetic analysis and to infer allele frequencies of mutations of interest. Results. We characterized 24 sublineages. The most prevalent was AY.25. Mutations of interest as L452R, P681R, and P681H were identified in this sublineage, comprising a frequency close to 0.99. Conclusions. This study identified that the AY.25 sublineage has a transmission advantage compared to the other δ sublineages. This attribute may be related to the presence of the L452R and P681R mutations associated in other studies with higher evasion of the immune system and less efficacy of drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Introducción. Durante el desarrollo de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en Antioquia se presentaron picos epidemiológicos relacionados con las variantes α, É£, ß, Æ y δ, donde δ tuvo la mayor incidencia y prevalencia. Este linaje se considera una variante de preocupación dadas las manifestaciones clínicas que desencadena y sus características epidemiológicas. Se han informado 253 sublinajes δ en la base de datos PANGOLIN. La identificación de estos sublinajes mediante análisis genómico ha permitido rastrear su evolución y propagación. Objetivo. Caracterizar la diversidad genética de los diferentes sublinajes δ de SARSCoV-2 en Antioquia y determinar su prevalencia. Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló información sociodemográfica de 2.675 muestras y de 1.115 genomas del repositorio GISAID entre el 12 de julio de 2021 y el 18 de enero de 2022. Se seleccionaron 501 por su alto porcentaje de cobertura (>90 %) para realizar análisis filogenéticos e inferencia de frecuencias alélicas de mutaciones de interés. Resultados. Se caracterizaron 24 sublinajes donde el más prevalente fue AY.25. En este sublinaje se identificaron mutaciones de interés como L452R, P681R y P681H, que comprendían una frecuencia cercana a 0,99. Conclusiones. Este estudio permitió identificar que el sublinaje AY.25 tiene una ventaja de transmisión en comparación con los otros sublinajes δ. Esto puede estar relacionado con la presencia de las mutaciones L452R y P681R que en otros estudios se han visto asociadas con una mayor transmisibilidad, evasión del sistema inmunitario y menor eficacia de los medicamentos contra SARS-CoV-2.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Genome, Viral , Phylogeny , SARS-CoV-2 , Colombia/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Male , Female , Mutation , Adult , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Young Adult , Aged , Adolescent , Gene Frequency , Genetic VariationABSTRACT
Introduction: Dengue, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti, is a very important viral disease in terms of public health. Colombia is an endemoepidemic country for dengue and, in cities like Medellín, there are neighborhoods with high and low incidence. The disease dynamics in the neighborhoods might be determined by differences in the knowledge, practices and entomological aspects of the vector among the communities. Objective: To identify the knowledge and practices of residents of neighborhoods with high and low incidence of dengue, and to explore the entomological aspects related to the presence of the vector. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing two neighborhoods with high incidence and two with low incidence during the triennium of 2013-2015. A random sample of 100 houses per neighborhood was selected in order to evaluate the knowledge, practices and entomological aspects related to dengue. In addition, descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed. Results: In neighborhoods with high incidence, participants had not attended school or had only a primary school level of education (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.09-2.63). Additionally, they did not have health coverage or belonged to the subsidized regime (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.41-3.32). In contrast, they had a greater knowledge of the vector (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.00-2.35). In terms of practices, there was a greater chance of finding houses where water was stored (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.11-2.57) and regarding the entomological aspects, more houses with adult mosquitoes were found (OR=2.13 95% CI: 1.29-3.50). Conclusions: We found important differences among the neighborhoods regarding knowledge, practices, and the presence of adult stages of the vector, which helps to explain the epidemiology of dengue in these sites.
Subject(s)
Aedes/virology , Dengue/epidemiology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Mosquito Control , Mosquito Vectors/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Cities , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dengue/prevention & control , Dengue/transmission , Female , Housing , Humans , Incidence , Insect Bites and Stings/virology , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Residence Characteristics , Sampling Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introducción. El dengue, transmitido principalmente por Aedes aegypti, es una enfermedad viral de gran importancia en salud pública. Colombia es un país endemoepidémico para el dengue y, en ciudades como Medellín, hay barrios con alta y baja incidencia. Las diferencias en cuanto a los conocimientos, las prácticas y los aspectos entomológicos podrían estar determinando la dinámica de la enfermedad en los barrios. Objetivo. Determinar los conocimientos y prácticas en torno al dengue de los habitantes de barrios con alta y baja incidencia y explorar los aspectos entomológicos relacionados con la presencia del vector. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal y se compararon dos barrios con alta incidencia y dos con baja incidencia durante el trienio de 2013 a 2015. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 100 viviendas por barrio para evaluar los conocimientos, las prácticas y los aspectos entomológicos. Se hicieron el análisis descriptivo, el bivariado y el multivariado (regresión logística). Resultados. En los barrios con alta incidencia, los participantes se caracterizaron por no haber realizado estudios o haber cursado únicamente primaria (odds ratio, OR=1,69; IC95%=1,09-2,63), así como por pertenecer al régimen subsidiado del sistema de seguridad social en salud o no estar afiliado (OR=2,16; IC95% 1,41-3,32) y, además, presentaron un mayor conocimiento del vector (OR=1,53; IC95% 1,00-2,35). En cuanto a las prácticas, la posibilidad de encontrar viviendas en donde se almacenaba el agua fue mayor (OR=1,69; IC95% 1,11-2,57) y, en lo relacionado con los aspectos entomológicos, se encontraron más viviendas con mosquitos adultos (OR=2,13; IC95% 1,29-3,50). Conclusiones. En este estudio se encontraron diferencias importantes entre los barrios en cuanto a los conocimientos, las prácticas y la presencia de estados adultos del vector, lo cual contribuye a explicar la epidemiología del dengue en estos lugares.
Introduction: Dengue, mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti, is a very important viral disease in terms of public health. Colombia is an endemoepidemic country for dengue and, in cities like Medellín, there are neighborhoods with high and low incidence. The disease dynamics in the neighborhoods might be determined by differences in the knowledge, practices and entomological aspects of the vector among the communities. Objective: To identify the knowledge and practices of residents of neighborhoods with high and low incidence of dengue, and to explore the entomological aspects related to the presence of the vector. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing two neighborhoods with high incidence and two with low incidence during the triennium of 2013-2015. A random sample of 100 houses per neighborhood was selected in order to evaluate the knowledge, practices and entomological aspects related to dengue. In addition, descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses (logistic regression) were performed. Results: In neighborhoods with high incidence, participants had not attended school or had only a primary school level of education (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.09-2.63). Additionally, they did not have health coverage or belonged to the subsidized regime (OR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.41-3.32). In contrast, they had a greater knowledge of the vector (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.00-2.35). In terms of practices, there was a greater chance of finding houses where water was stored (OR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.11-2.57) and regarding the entomological aspects, more houses with adult mosquitoes were found (OR=2.13 95% CI: 1.29-3.50). Conclusions: We found important differences among the neighborhoods regarding knowledge, practices, and the presence of adult stages of the vector, which helps to explain the epidemiology of dengue in these sites.
