Histone Methyltransferase G9a Plays an Essential Role on Nicotine Preference in Zebrafish.

Psychostimulants regulate behavioral responses in zebrafish via epigenetic mechanisms. We have previously shown that DNA methylation and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition abolish nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) but little is known about the role of histone methylation in addictive-like behaviors. To assess the influence of histone methylation on nicotine-CPP, zebrafish were treated with a histone (H3) lysine-9 (K9) dimethyltransferase G9a/GLP inhibitor, BIX-01294 (BIX), which was administered before conditioning sessions. We observed a dual effect of the inhibitor BIX: at high doses inhibited while at low doses potentiated nicotine reward. Transcriptional expression of α6 and α7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and of G9a, DNA methyl transferase-3, and HDAC-1 was upregulated in zebrafish with positive scores for nicotine-CPP. Changes in relative levels of these mRNA molecules reflected the effects of BIX on nicotine reward. BIX treatment per sé did not affect transcriptional levels of epigenetic enzymes that regulate trimethylation or demethylation of H3. BIX reduced H3K9me2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in key structures of the reward pathway. Thus, our findings indicated that different doses of BIX differentially affect nicotine CPP via strong or weak inhibition of G9a/GLP activity. Additionally, we found that the lysine demethylase inhibitor daminozide abolished nicotine-CPP and drug seeking. Our data demonstrate that H3 methylation catalyzed by G9a/GLP is involved in nicotine-CPP induction. Dimethylation of K9 at H3 is an important epigenetic modification that should be considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat nicotine reward and perhaps other drug addictions.

Libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea": texto útil para la docencia en Cuba / Book "Complications after thyroid surgery": useful text to be used for teaching in Cuba

Fundamento: la tiroidectomía tiene complicaciones reportadas hasta en un 25 % de los operados, las que pueden dejar secuelas invalidantes. Objetivo: mostrar los fundamentos teóricos del libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea" como texto de aprendizaje para la superación profesional y la prevención de las complicaciones en los procesos quirúrgicos. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, entre los años 2018-2020. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico para la fundamentación teórica; y empíricos: el análisis documental para verificar los nexos y relaciones que se ofrecen en los referentes teóricos relacionados con las características que debe poseer un libro de texto como medio de enseñanza en el proceso docente educativo, su importancia, ventajas y fundamentos. Se utilizó el criterio de expertos para valorar su pertinencia, factibilidad y estructura metodológica. Resultados: se presenta un libro diseñado como recurso del aprendizaje para la superación profesional; contiene las particularidades del contenido que se desea enseñar, y lo que los médicos necesitan conocer para la prevención de las complicaciones en el operado de tiroides. Está estructurado en trece capítulos, cada uno con una breve introducción y desarrollo sobre el tema. Su significación teórica viene determinada por su contribución a la educación médica, en especial a la Cirugía General y especialidades afines. Conclusiones: se mostraron los principales fundamentos teóricos del libro "Complicaciones de la cirugía tiroidea" como medio de enseñanza para la superación profesional del médico, y se resaltaron sus principales ventajas como componente didáctico del proceso docente educativo, cuyo contenido se aplica en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones.

Background: thyroidectomy complications has been reported in up to 25% of those operated on it, which can leave disabling consequences. Objective: to evidence the theoretical foundations of the book "Complications after thyroid surgery" as a learning text for professional improvement and the prevention of complications in surgical processes. Methods: From 2018 to 2020 a research with a qualitative approach was carried out at the University of Medical Sciences in Holguín. Theoretical methods were used for the theoretical foundation; and empirical methods: documentary analysis to verify the links and relationships offered in the theoretical references related to the characteristics that a textbook should have as a teaching medium to be used in the educational teaching process, its importance, advantages and foundations. Expert judgment was used to assess its relevance, feasibility and methodological structure. Results: a book designed as a learning resource for professional improvement is presented; it contains the particularities of the content to be taught, and what doctors need to know to prevent complications after thyroid surgery. This book is structured in thirteen chapters, each with a brief introduction and development about the topic. Its theoretical significance is determined by its contribution to medical education, especially General Surgery and related specialties. Conclusions: the main theoretical foundations of the book "Complications after thyroid surgery" as a teaching medium for the professional improvement of physicians were shown , and its main advantages as a didactic component of the educational teaching process, whose content is applied in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of complications, were highlighted.

Oclusión intestinal mecánica secundaria a hernia de Littré / Mechanical Intestinal Occlusion Secondary to Littré's Hernia

Introducción: La hernia de Littré se define como la presencia de un divertículo de Meckel en cualquier orificio herniario. Se han reportados muy pocos casos en la literatura por su frecuencia tan baja referida al 2 por ciento de la población general. Objetivo: Reportar y compartir el tratamiento exitoso de un caso clínico poco frecuente de oclusión intestinal mecánica por hernia de Littré. Caso clínico: Se trata de un paciente masculino, de 69 años de edad, raza blanca y con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial hace siete años, para lo que lleva tratamiento regular con captopril. Acudió al Servicio de Urgencias de Cirugía general del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" por presentar dolor abdominal tipo cólico localizado difusamente, de moderada intensidad, sin irradiación precisa y acompañado de dos vómitos biliosos de poca cantidad, además de parada de la emisión de gases y heces fecales dos días antes, por lo que se ingresó para tratamiento quirúrgico urgente con diagnóstico de oclusión intestinal mecánica. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico preoperatorio de la hernia de Littré es poco probable, sobre todo si se acompaña de oclusión intestinal por lo que casi siempre es transoperatorio. El tratamiento quirúrgico del divertículo depende del estado inflamatorio y vascular(AU)

Introduction: Littré's hernia is defined as the presence of a Meckel's diverticulum in any hernial orifice. Very few cases have been reported in the literature because of its very low frequency, referred to as of 2 percent of the general population. Objective: To report and share the successful management of a rare clinical case of mechanical intestinal occlusion due to Littré's hernia. Clinical case: This is the case of a 69-year-old white male patient with a history of arterial hypertension for seven years, for which he has been receiving regular treatment with captopril. He went to the general surgery emergency department of Lucía Íñiguez Landín Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital for presenting diffusely localized colicky abdominal pain, of moderate intensity, without precise irradiation and accompanied by two small amounts of bilious vomiting, in addition to stopping gas and stool emission two days earlier, for which he was admitted for urgent surgical treatment with a diagnosis of mechanical intestinal occlusion. Conclusions: The preoperative diagnosis of Littré's hernia is unlikely, especially if accompanied by intestinal occlusion, a reason why it is almost always transoperative. The surgical treatment of the diverticulum depends on the inflammatory and vascular status(AU)

Ascariasis errática biliar como causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva / Erratic Biliary Ascariasis as an Exotic Cause of Obstructive Jaundice

Introducción: Áscaris lumbricoides es el helminto más frecuente en el tracto gastrointestinal humano; la mayor prevalencia se registra en países en desarrollo, tropicales y subtropicales. En Cuba constituye una causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva con pocos casos reportados. Objetivo: Describir el manejo terapéutico exitoso de un caso de un hombre con ictericia obstructiva secundaria a ascariasis coledociana. Caso clínico: Paciente de 74 años operado en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" de la provincia Holguín por ictericia obstructiva por ascariasis coledociana, con evolución clínico-quirúrgica satisfactoria. Conclusiones: En países en desarrollo debe tomarse en cuenta la ascariasis como causa de enfermedad obstructiva biliar o pancreática. El conocimiento del cuadro clínico y sus complicaciones, además, de las diferentes opciones en el tratamiento, debe ser del dominio de todo médico. La ictericia obstructiva por áscaris lumbricoides constituye en Cuba una causa exótica de esta infestación por parásitos(AU)

Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides is the most frequent helminthiasis in the human gastrointestinal tract; the highest prevalence is recorded in developing, tropical and subtropical countries. In Cuba, it constitutes an exotic cause of obstructive jaundice with few reported cases. Objective: To describe the successful therapeutic management of a case of a man with obstructive jaundice secondary to choledochal ascariasis. Clinical case report: We report the case of a 74-year-old patient operated on at Lucía Íñiguez Landín Surgical Clinical Hospital, in Holguín province, for obstructive jaundice due to choledochal ascariasis, with satisfactory clinical-surgical evolution. Conclusions: In developing countries, ascariasis should be taken into account as a cause of biliary or pancreatic obstructive disease. Knowledge of the clinical condition and its complications, in addition to the different treatment options, should be the domain of every physician. Obstructive jaundice due to ascaris lumbricoides constitutes an exotic cause of this parasite infestation in Cuba(AU)

Cistoadenoma mucinoso fronterizo gigante del ovario en una paciente posmenopáusica / Giant ovarian mucinous borderline cystoadenoma, in a posmenopausic patient

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores del ovario no son tan frecuentes como los del útero y los de la mama. Constituyen el tercer grupo de tumores benignos y malignos de la mujer. El cistoadenoma fronterizo tiene características clinicopatológicas intermedias entre las de los tumores benignos y malignos. Objetivo: Describir el manejo terapéutico exitoso de un caso de una mujer posmenopáusica con cistoadenoma mucinoso fronterizo de ovario. Caso clínico: Paciente hipertensa y diabética, operada en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucía Íñiguez Landín de la provincia Holguín, posmenopáusica de 54 años, con tumor gigante de ovario izquierdo y evolución clínico-quirúrgica satisfactoria. Conclusiones: El cistoadenoma mucinoso fronterizo suele estar limitado al ovario en el momento del diagnóstico, sin invasión capsular ni peritoneal. El riesgo de degeneración maligna es muy variable y está relacionado con la edad. Para su tratamiento se recomienda la ooforectomía, omentectomía y biopsia del ovario contralateral, de ganglios retroperitoneales, nódulos peritoneales visibles y la citología del líquido peritoneal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ovarian tumors are not as frequent as those of the uterus and breast. They constitute the third group of benign and malignant tumors in women. Border cystadenoma has clinicopathologic intermediate features between those of benign and malignant tumors. Objective: To describe the successful therapeutic management of a case of a postmenopausal woman with borderline mucus cystadenoma of ovary. Case report: A hypertensive and diabetic patient, operated in the Lucia Iñiguez Landín Clinical Surgical Hospital in Holguin province, 54-year-old postmenopausal, with a giant tumor of the left ovary and satisfactory clinical-surgical evolution. Conclusions: Border mucinous cystadenoma is usually limited to the ovary at the time of diagnosis, without capsular or peritoneal invasion. The risk of malignant degeneration is highly variable and is related to age. For its treatment, oophorectomy, omentectomy and biopsy of the contralateral ovary, retroperitoneal nodes, visible peritoneal nodules and cytology of peritoneal fluid are recommended.