ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease is currently a global public health challenge due to the rapid growth of aging populations. To understand its pathophysiology is necessary to study the functional correlation between the basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum, which are involved in motor control. Herein, we explored multiunit electrical activity (MUA) in the cerebellum of rats with induced Parkinsonism as a result of lesions following bilateral placement of electrodes and passing of current in the ventrolateral striatum (VLS). In one control group, the electrodes descended without electrical current, and another group was left intact in VLS. MUA was recorded in Sim B and Crus II lobes, and in the dentate nucleus (DN) during the execution of exploration behaviors (horizontal and vertical) and grooming. The lesioned and sham groups showed a decrease in MUA amplitude in the Crus II lobe compared to the intact group in all recorded behaviors. However, Sim B and DN did not express differences. Both electrical and physical insults to the VLS induced Parkinsonism, which results in less MUA in Crus II during the execution of motor behaviors. Thus, this type of Parkinsonism is associated with a decrease in the amplitude of Crus II.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El propósito de este documento fue reportar los beneficios de la actividad física, entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado en adultos sedentarios y físicamente activos. La actividad física involucra cualquier movimiento corporal que produce un aumento en el gasto energético en el metabolismo, mientras que el entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado puede ser utilizado para controlar el programa de cargas de entrenamiento (intensidad, volumen y pausa). Los beneficios que se han reportado cuando se realiza actividad física son: el incremento o mantenimiento de la condición física muscular, funciones cognitivas, cardiorespiratoria, equilibrio, peso corporal, control de la obesidad; todos ellos disminuyen los riesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfernedades crónicorrespiratorias, diabetes, presión alterial alta, sindrome metabolico, cáncer de colon, depresión y todas las causas de mortalidad. En contraste, la falta de actividad fisica ha ha sido identificada como factor de riesgo y está asociada a diversas enfemedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. En este documento puntualizamos dos tipos de entrenamiento que han tenido aplicaciones para la salud en adultos. Este trabajo podría ayudar a promover la salud calidad de vida de la población adulta y eliminar el sedentarismo mediante la prescripción de la actividad física para la salud.
Abstract The purpose of this paper was report the benefit of the physical activity, interval training and moderate continuous training in sedentary and physically active adults. The physycal activity involve whatever bodily movement that produce a increased in the metabolic energetic expenditure. While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the training load schedule (intensity, volume and rest). While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the load training charge (intensity, volume and rest). The benefit that have been reported is the increasing or maintaining muscle fitness, cognitive and cardio- respiratory function, balance, body weight, obesity control, all reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cáncer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, depression, and all causes of mortality. In contrast, the lack of physycal activity had been identified as risk factor and associated with various non comunicable diseases worldwide. In this paper, we point two types of training that had aplications for health in adults. This document could help to promote health, quality of live of the adult population and eliminate the physical inactivity by prescripcion of physical activity for the health.
ABSTRACT
The cerebellum is an important contributor to the neural basis of sexual behavior, but the specific cerebellar regions underlying different aspects of reproduction are still unknown. Here, we used experimental lesions of Lobules VIa and VII of the vermis to investigate their specific role, both in locomotion stimulated by sexual cues and the execution of sexual behavior. Sexually experienced male rats and receptive females were used, and experimental males received an electrolytic lesion of either lobule. Before and after the lesion, males were tested for sexual behavior, and for locomotion on a horizontal or ascending bar to reach an estrous female. The lesion of Lobule VIa produced impairments in intromission-related behaviors during copulation, and produced slippery footsteps that increased the time to cross the bars with a stronger effect on the ascending bar. The lesion of Lobule VII produced a dramatic arrest of respiration that precluded further behavioral tests. These results suggested that Lobule VIa is involved in the integration of sensory inputs coming from in-copula penile stimulation, implying the existence of a penis-cerebellum neural pathway for a proprioception-like process involved in the proper spatial orientation of the erected penis. Walking on bars showed an alteration of the stepping cycle that suggests the role of Lobule VIa in the fine tuning of locomotion spinal reflexes. The lesion of Lobule VII suggested its role in the physiology of respiration, a topic that deserves further research.
