ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) are commonly used neuroimaging modalities for patients with signs or symptoms of neuro-ophthalmic disorders. Understanding the technology and clinical uses of these modalities is vital in patient management. METHODS/RESULTS: Basic instrument design and technology are presented together with a discussion of indications and contraindications to the use of these imaging techniques. Case reports are presented to illustrate the usefulness in diagnosis of orbital and neuro-ophthalmic disease. CONCLUSIONS: A basic knowledge of CT and MR helps the optometrist correlate imaging with clinical signs and symptoms of disease. This understanding also results in more effective communication with other health care providers and patients.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A general overview of age-related macular degeneration, including its definition, classification, and epidemiology, is followed by specifically described clinical findings of this disorder. Included are the differential diagnosis, histopathology, prevalence, risk factors, and natural history of each individual form. Also presented are the issues of optometric management, including clinical recognition of choroidal neovascularization, timely referral for retinal consultation and angiography, preventive therapies, current and emerging trends in the medical and surgical treatment, and appropriate follow-up.
Subject(s)
Aging , Macular Degeneration , Humans , Macular Degeneration/classification , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Macular Degeneration/therapy , Preventive Medicine/methods , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Since optometrists are becoming more involved with postoperative cataract care and the often associated traumatic ptosis, a comprehensive discussion of ptosis, including its etiology, classification as either congenital, acquired, or pseudoptosis, and evaluation, is presented. Referral situations and management strategy are discussed. To illustrate these points, a case of transient acquired ptosis is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Blepharoptosis/etiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Administration, Topical , Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharoptosis/drug therapy , Cyclopentolate/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Eyelids/anatomy & histology , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/anatomy & histology , Prednisolone , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two different methods of imaging the internal structures of the body which have revolutionized the imaging of the brain, orbits and ocular structures. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize optometrists with the two techniques and how they relate to our profession and to the management of our patients.
Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Aged , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
Optometry residency programs have existed since the mid 1970s. Most residencies today are funded and conducted by the Veterans Administration, and all hospital based residencies are located at a VA Medical Center. To compile a profile of VA optometry residents, identify their perceptions of VA residencies and determine trends within this group which are significantly affecting our profession, a survey was sent to all former and current VA residents whose addresses could be obtained. Results, a discussion and implications for our profession are included.
Subject(s)
Optometry/education , Career Choice , Data Collection , Hospitals, Veterans , Humans , Internship and Residency , Training Support , United StatesABSTRACT
Eyelid lesions are encountered by optometrists on a daily basis and their differentiation and management represent an important aspect of primary eye care. Case reports of basal cell epithelioma, squamous cell carcinoma, and keratoacanthoma are presented. The various types of benign and malignant eyelid lesions are discussed as well as their differentiation and management. Early detection and proper management may prevent serious complications.
Subject(s)
Eyelid Neoplasms/surgery , Visual Acuity , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology , Eyelids/pathology , Humans , Keratoacanthoma/surgery , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Melanoma/surgery , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Although cataract surgery alone carries a risk of iatrogenic endothelial damage, IOL implantation will further increase the risk of endothelial compromise and resulting bullous keratopathy. PBK is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of corneal disease in the pseudophakic eye and with proper treatment visual loss due to PBK is usually reversible. While seen most frequently with iris clip implants, all pseudophakes are susceptible to PBK and should be carefully observed for this disease entity.
