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Niger J Physiol Sci ; 38(2): 157-169, 2023 Dec 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38696688

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with dysregulation of the antioxidant system and addiction. AIM: This study sought to ascertain the effect of Nigella Sativa (NS) oil on the antioxidant system, nicotine/tobacco addiction as well as the expressions of α4ß2 nicotinic (nAChR) and dopamine type-2 (DRD2) receptors in selected brain regions of the rat. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups comprising of vehicle-treated control, NS oil only, Smoke only, Smoke + NS oil, Nicotine only and Nicotine + NS oil. Animals were passively exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour for 12 weeks, however, NS oil treatment commenced from 9th-12th week of the experimental duration. RESULTS: Nicotine vapour and cigarette smoke-induced increase in cotinine level were significantly ameliorated by NS treatment. Cigarette smoke or nicotine vapour exposure significantly (p<0.05) decreased the level of antioxidant enzymes while increasing malondialdehyde level in the brain homogenates of the rats.  Administration of NS oil significantly (p<0.05) reversed the reduced antioxidant level. Cigarette-smoke also significantly increased α4-nAChR expression in the frontal cortex and olfactory bulb compared to control. Nicotine vapour significantly increased DRD2 expression only in the olfactory cortex. NS oil administration reduced both the cigarette-smoke-induced increase in α4-nAChR and nicotine vapour-induced increase in DRD2 gene expression only in the olfactory cortex. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that NS oil improves brain antioxidant status while ameliorating nicotine vapour and cigarette smoke addiction through down-regulation of α4-nAChR and DRD2 gene expressions in discrete brain regions in Sprague-Dawley rats.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Brain , Carum , Nicotine , Plant Oils , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Nicotinic , Animals , Male , Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism , Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics , Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects , Nicotine/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Brain/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Rats , Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism , Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics , Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects , Gene Expression/drug effects , Smoke/adverse effects
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