ABSTRACT
Permanent pacemakers could provoke or enhance preexisting tricuspid valve regurgitation. Pacemaker electrode implantation provokes local inflammatory process and subsequent permanent tissue remodeling, particularly in area of neighboring valve apparatus. As a consequence valve regurgitation may occur. It is supposed that valve perforation and right ventricle contraction asynchrony caused by right ventricle apex stimulation may lead to tricuspid valve regurgitation. Presented work shows current literature review according this topic.
Subject(s)
Electrodes, Implanted/adverse effects , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Atrial Remodeling , Humans , Myocarditis/etiology , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) caused by permanent pacemaker implantation was first described in the eight decade of XX century, however dynamical increase in frequency of pacemaker implantation makes this topic of growing importance. Pacemaker electrode in the right part of the heart could intensify TR, but this dependence is still not clearly understood. Available studies in the most of cases are not related on uniform criteria of TR, what provides difficulties in the analyses. Additional difficulty provides the fact that TR occurs in a high percentage of healthy people. Current literature shows, that risk factors for TR worsening are patients' older age and previously diagnosed valve pathologies. Results of studies concerning influence of number, type, or location of the electrode in the heart on the TR severity are unclear. This article presents current literature review regarding influence of right-sided pacing on the frequency of TR.
