[Double bonds of fatty acids, alcohols glycerol, cholesterol and nonpolar serum lipids. Diagnostic value of hypercholesterolemia]. / Dvoinye sviazi zhirnykh kislot, spirty glitserin, kholesterin i nepoliarnye lipidy syvorotki krovi. Diagnosticheskoe znachenie giperkholesterinemii.

A method for evaluation of double bonds (DB) by ozone titration in a pool of serum lipids during extraction after Folch is developed. A method for measuring the weight of nonpolar lipids in apoB-100-lipoproteins (LP) with a hydrophobic fluorescent probe K-37 was used. Cholesterol and glycerol alcohols were measured in the serum using Cholesterol and Triglycerides kits (Hoffmann la Roche). Twenty-four patients with myocardial infarction, 29 coronary patients, and 37 healthy children were examined. The level of cholesterol alcohol reflects the number of double bonds in fatty acids (FA) and hence, the content of essential polythenic FA in the serum. The higher the level of cholesterol alcohols the greater the pool of essential poly-FA, circulating in the blood as nonpolar cholesterol polyesters within low density lipoproteins (LDL). Presumably, the higher the level of cholesterol LDL, the more pronounced is the deficit of essential poly-FA and the greater is the compensatory activation of the synthesis of endogenous poly-FA. A positive correlation between the content of cholesterol alcohol in the serum and weight of nonpolar lipids in apoB-100-LP was noted.

[Complement 3 in hypertension and arteriosclerosis]. / Tretii komponent komplementa pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni i ateroskleroze.

The serum levels, residual functional activity (RFA), phenotype of complement component 3 (C3) were determined in 20 patients with hypertensive disease (HD), 11 with documented coronary atherosclerosis (CA), and 11 with HD + CA. The sera from 21 apparently healthy subjects were used as a control. There was a higher frequency of the allotype C3F in the HD, CA, and HD + CA groups (0.400, 0.417, and 0.364, respectively) than in the controls. The HD + CA group showed a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in RFA of C3 as compared to the HD and CA groups. There were significant differences in the serum C3 concentrations and RFA in allotype C3F carriers between the patients with CA and HD. The findings suggest that allotype C3F carriage may be a factor predisposing to accelerated progression of CA in HD.

[The effect of plasmapheresis and the plasmasorption and immunosorption of low-density lipoproteins on the humoral immunity function of patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia]. / Vliianie plazmafereza, plazmosorbtsii i immunosorbtsii lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti na sostoianie gumoral'nogo immuniteta u bol'nykh s nasledstvennoi giperkholesterinemiei.

It has been shown that prolonged use of plasmapheresis with a 7-day interval in patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia is potentially dangerous because of possible development of immunodeficiency. LDL plasmasorption and immunosorption produce a beneficial effect on the concentration of immunoglobulins. It is assumed that immunosorption permits the elimination not only of lipoproteins but also lipoprotein-containing immune complexes from the blood channel.

[Immunologically mediated induction of hyperlipoproteinemia]. / Immunooposredovannaia induktsiia giperlipoproteidemii.

The relationship of immune and metabolic processes, particularly, those of lipid metabolism, was studied in mice with diet induced hyperlipoproteinemia, leukemia-related immune deficiency and in situ formation of antigen-antibody complexes after immunostimulation. A marked immunosuppression was observed in mice on a high-cholesterol diet, but when immune complex formation was induced after antigen injection, a high level of nonesterified cholesterol and low density lipoproteins was obtained, whereas an increase in high density lipoproteins in leukemic mice was observed. It is concluded that there exists a certain mechanism of immunologically mediated induction of hyperlipoproteinemia, which leads to the inhibition of immune response by immunoregulatory lipoproteins under conditions of antigen stimulation.

[Various immunological aspects of essential and symptomatic hypertension]. / Nekotorye aspekty immunologii gipertonicheskoi bolezni i simptomaticheskikh gipertonii.

131 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 30 patients with secondary hypertension (SH) of renal genesis were examined, all of them Russian inhabitants of Moscow, aged 20-56. In patients with EH increased rate of HLA-B13 and B22 antigens was determined. The highest rate of HLA-B13 antigen in this group was registered in patients without IHD, while patients with IHD had the highest rate of HLA-B22 antigen compared to controls. Patients with SH demonstrated no significant difference in HLA antigens distribution from that in controls. Besides, patients with EH had significantly increased serum concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC), of IgA and beta 2-microglobulins as well as of three complement components (C3c, C4 and B factor). Similar changes were observed in patients with SH, excluding CIC and C3c, concentration of which did not differ from that in the control group. No strict dependence between the level of immunity humoral factors and presence of HLA-B13 and -B22 antigens was observed. The data gained suggest possible association of HLA system with EH development.

[The immune system in coronary atherosclerosis]. / Immunnaia sistema pri koronarnom ateroskleroze.

A considerable imbalance in humoral and cellular factors of immunity characterized by high B-cell activity associated with a relative T-cell deficiency has been revealed in patients with coronary heart disease. Immunological imbalance is characteristic for all the clinically pronounced forms of coronary heart disease, forming long before obvious lesions of the coronary arteries. This makes it possible to regard patients without coronarographically documented atherosclerosis as having functional form of the process pathogenetically identical to atherosclerosis according to immunological criteria.

[Clinico-immunological assessment of the effectiveness of plasmapheresis in the combined therapy of patients with high arterial hypertension]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti plazmafereza v kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh s vysokoi arterial'noi gipertoniei.

After several plasmapheresis procedures 25 out of 28 patients with high arterial hypertension revealed stable BP lowering, accompanied by elimination of their refractoriness to medical therapy. Enhanced sensitivity of lymphocytes to antihypertensive drugs has been established by lymphocyte rosette-formation with allogenic erythrocytes loaded with these preparations. Plasmapheresis was followed by moderate reduction in IgA, IgM and IgG levels with their subsequent recovery to baseline values within 3-7 days. In a number of patients with drug hypersensitivity plasmapheresis contributed to a considerable attenuation of drug-induced allergy and caused a decrease in the initially elevated IgE level. Possible mechanisms of eliminating refractoriness to medical therapy by plasmapheresis are discussed.

[Distribution of HLA antigens in ischemic heart disease patients with stenocardia]. / Raspredelenie antigenov sistemy HLA u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa so stenokardiei.

HLA antigens were typed by A, B, and C loci in 162 male residents of Moscow with coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris, aged 27 to 69 years. Coronary patients showed significantly increased incidence of HLA antigens B13, B15, B17, B22 and Cw3, as compared to control population samples. The rates of some histocompatibility antigens carriage were different in different patients, showing a dependence on the duration of disease, the hyperlipoproteinemic type, serum apoprotein level and some clinical characteristics (the severity of CHD, the number of affected coronary arteries).

[Circulating immune complexes and apolipoproteins in ischemic heart disease]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy i apolipoproteiny pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and apolipoproteins (apo-A and apo-B) were compared and correlated with the severity of atherosclerotic affection of heart vessels in coronary patients with coronarographically-verified coronary arterial atherosclerosis. An inverse correlation between blood CIC and apo-A levels, and a direct correlation between the CIC level and the apo-B/apo-A index were demonstrated. The variation of CIC levels in patients with atherosclerotic lesions of varying severity corresponded to that of the apo-B/apo-A index. The correlation of these parameters was particularly significant in coronary patients with 2 coronary vessels affected.

[Antibody-dependent and natural cellular cytotoxicity in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy]. / Antitelozavisimaia i estestvennaia kletochnaia tsitotoksichnost' u bol'nykh dilatatsionnoi kardiomiopatiei.

A study was made of the functional activity of natural killer cells (NK-cells), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity of killer cells (K-cells) and the effect of interferon (alpha-IFN) in vitro on function of these cells in a group of donors and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) as well as in patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction (MI). Patients with DCMP might be divided into 3 groups according to the nature of NK- and K-cell functional activity: in a grave and rapid DCMP course the functional activity of NK- and K-cells was sharply decreased, a favorable course of disease was characterized by normal or raised values of their cytotoxicity. Patients with a severe type of DCMP revealed profound depression of lymphocyte killer activity.