[The morbidity dynamics of alimentary-associated diseases in children and adolescents in Northern administrative district of Moscow over a period of 2006-2010].

Through socio-hygienic monitoring of the Northern administrative district of Moscow in 2006-2010 the study of nutritional status and morbidity rates for alimentary-associated diseases of the digestive tract, the endocrine system, cardiovascular diseases and obesity - was conducted in children (5-11 years old), adolescents (12-16 years old) and adult population. Over the last 5 years negative dynamics in morbidity rates for the illnesses related to malnutrition and nutritional status disturbances was shown in children and adolescents. Thus it was noted a considerable increase of alimentary-associated diseases among children (2,3 times more) and adolescents (2,1 times more). This applies especially to gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, duodenitis, etc.) and obesity which prevalence increased over the last 5 years among children (under 5 years old) 2,4 times more; and 2,1 times more among teenagers. In children and adolescents from the district gastrointestinal diseases amount to 15,6% ofallnutrition-related diseases. The authors of the article emphasize that currently hygiene education of the population (including children and adolescents) must become a key tool in implementing the state policy in the area of healthy nutrition and in activities of the primary care health service to prevent nutritional disturbances and decrease the prevalence rate of alimentary-associated diseases with special attention from nutritionists, dietarians, and hygienists.

[Comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the environment and health status of children and adolescents in the North administrative district of Moscow].

The high environmental levels of foreign chemical substances and the inadequate intake of both essential nutrients, such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and micronutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, and trace elements, in half of the examined children and adolescents promoted a rise in the incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in 2005-2009 particularly in the districts of Dmitrovskv, Khovrino where the morbidity rates were 1.5-2 times higher than those in the whole area.

[The morbidity dynamics of acute intestinal infections in the Northern Administrative District of Moscow].

Acute intestinal infections morbidity of the Northern Administrative District of Moscow population was analyzed as a part of the socio-hygienic monitoring. Long-term dynamics and growth, both among total and child population (respectively on 29.5 and 72.38%) were shown. Also presents the results of laboratory tests of food and food raw materials by microbiological parameters. The percentage of unsatisfactory results on microbiological indicators in 2010 year was 5.0% (in 2009 - 5.5%, in 2008 - 7.5%). It is known, that at patients with intestinal infections not only the socio-hygienic conditions have a significant impact on the epidemic process, but also subjective factors, i.e. level of hygiene knowledge and behavior of the population. Often outbreaks of acute intestinal infections are the result of violations of food sanitation regulations among workers engaged in food production or food trade. According to the authors' opinion the current training system of decreed population groups, especially the nature of which is associated with the production, storage, transportation and food trade and drinking water needs further development and improvement.

[Hygienic training of the workers occupied in food industry].

The system of professional hygienic training for the workers of enterprises in various branches of food industry needs updating. Suggestions how to improve this work are made.

[The state of hygienic training of the workers occupied in the area of public catering: a sociological survey].

The outcomes of a survey research completed in the workers of public catering facilities in two large cities of the Russian Federation are presented which show that the system of hygienic training for this occupational group of the population needs updating. This includes improving the programs and teaching and learning materials, as well as developing criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of educational activities in the field of occupational hygienic education and training.

[Programs and contents of professional hygienic training for workers of food processing industry enterprises].

Contents of the educational and methodic materials prepared in accordance with the recently developed programs for vocational hygienic course training of workers at food processing enterprises (engineering staff, workers, administrators) is discussed. The significance of training for shaping appropriate hygienic behavior of the workers is considered, as well as for implementing in work settings adequate sanitary, preventive and anti-epidemic measures aimed at protecting health of producers and consumers of food products.

[Historical aspects of the vocational hygienic training for workers occupied in production, transportation, storage, and realization of foodstuff].

From the historical perspective some the issues of vocational hygienic training for the workers of food industry, food sales outlets and public catering are reviewed.

[The vocational hygienic training of the food industry at present].

In article the problem of vocational hygienic training of the food industry workers is presented. Offers on perfection of this work are given.

[Professional training of meat processing industry workers field of hygienic].

In the article the problem of sanitary training of meat processing industry workers is reviewed. Proposals to improve these activities were prepared.

[About raising the sanitary culture of food industry's workers]. / O povyshenii sanitarnoy kul'tury rebotnikov pishchevoi otrasli.

The article includes: the basic problems of sanitary teaching of professional population groups, also the structure of training aids and examination tasks of sanitary knowledge for food industry's workers.

[An improvement in the hygienic instruction of workers in dairy industry enterprises]. / O sovershenstvovanii gigienicheskogo obucheniia rabotnikov molochnoi promyshlennosti.

The article presents the experience of the work on the sanitary education of the workers of the milk industry plants in Moscow and Moscow Province. The Institute's specialists had worked out basing on the studied experience the program of the full-time and external differential sanitary education of the workers of the milk industry which was approved by the Department of the State Sanitary Control of the Ministry of Health of Russia the April 22, 1998. "An exercise book for the sanitary education of the workers of the milk industry plants" was also prepared and published in 1999.

[Sanitary education of workers of bakeries and pastry enterprises]. / Gigienicheskaia podgotovka rabotnikov predpriiatii po proizvodstvu khleboproduktov i konditerskikh izdelii.

The paper presents experience with sanitary education of workers from food industrial enterprises. The study revealed a number of disadvantages of the methodological aspect of sanitary education of these workers. A sanitary education programme has been worked out for workers engaged in food and food processing industries (production of bread, baked goods, and confectionery) and approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Department), Ministry of Health of Russia on March 1999.

[The epidemiological validation of the MPEL for grain dust in the atmosphere]. / Epidemiologicheskoe obosnovanie PDK zernovoi pyli v atmosfernom vozdukhe.

The use of calculating and gravimetric methods for examining the grain dust pollution of the ambient air at the site of an elevator determined the maximum single, mean daily, and mean annual concentrations at different distances from the source of dust emission. The mean ratio of these concentrations was 12.1:4.3:1, respectively. The calculated concentration-effect and concentration-time relationships provided evidence for the maximum single, mean daily, and mean annual allowable concentrations for grain dust in the ambient air.

Electrical properties of cell pellets and cell electrofusion in a centrifuge.

A new approach is proposed for studying cell deformability by centrifugal force, electrical properties of cell membranes in a high electric field, and for performing efficient cell electrofusion. Suspensions of cells (L929 and four other cell types examined) are centrifuged in special chambers, thus forming compact cell pellets in the gap between the electrodes. The setup allows measurement of the pellet resistance and also the high-voltage pulse application during centrifugation. The pellet resistance increases sharply with the centripetal acceleration, which correlates with reduction of the cell pellet porosity due to cell compression and deformation. Experiments with cells pretreated with cytochalasin B or colcemid showed that cell deformability depends significantly on the state of cytoskeleton. When the voltage applied to the cell pellet exceeds a 'critical' value, electrical breakdown (poration) of cell membranes occurs. This is seen as a deflection in the I(V) curve for the cell pellet. The electropores formed during the breakdown reseal in several stages: the fastest takes 0.5-1 ms while the whole process completes in minutes. A novel effect of colloid-osmotic compression of cell pellets after electric cell permeabilization is described. Supercritical pulse application to the cell pellet during intensive centrifugation leads to massive cell fusion. The fusion index grows with the increase of centripetal acceleration, and drops drastically when the pulse is applied after the centrifuge is stopped. The colloid-osmotic pellet compression enhances the fusion efficiency. No fusion occurs when cells are brought in contact after the pulse treatment. The data suggest that tight intermembrane contact formed prior to pulse application is a prerequisite condition for efficient cell electrofusion. The capacities of the technique proposed and the mechanism of membrane electrofusion are discussed.

[Methodological problems of studying and evaluating the effect of environmental pollution on the reproductive function of women and on the population increase]. / Metodicheskie voprosy izucheniia i otsenki vliianiia na reproduktivnuiu funktsiiu zhenshchin i protsess vosproizvodstva naseleniia zagriazneniia okruzhaiushchei sredy.

PIP: One of the longterm effects of environmental pollution is disturbance of embryonal development. If the embryo is adversely affected at the moment of conception and immediately thereafter, this can have an adverse impact on the individual's whole life. We know that lead, mercury, and some other industrial pollutants affect the reproductive function of women. Also antimony, which has been shown to cause premature birth and stillbirth. Manganese, thallium, and fluorine also adversely affect pregnancy. Our investigation was done on the women, aged 18-35, living near a metallurgical plant. We compared the monthly measurements of contamination of the air with sulphur gas, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxides, with the course of pregnancy of the women living in the area. The results demonstrated an unfavorable impact of these contaminants on the women. We then formulated a program for a 2nd stage of investigation, in an area with lead contamination. We investigated: a highly urbanized administrative center, a contemporary industrial city, and some surrounding villages. In the 1st 2 cases the lead contamination was due to industrial contamination; in the last case it was due to the use of certain chemicals in hail protection. The lead content was measured in the air, water, soil, and food products. The women investigated were 20-30 years of age during 1st pregnancies; we also investigated the children during the 1st 2 years of life. The materials were processed in the traditional way, constructing empirical curves and then selecting appropriate functions for analysis. This will enable a quantitative estimate of the impact of environmental pollution on reproductive function to be obtained.^ieng