ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Establecer la influencia de los determinantes sociales en la práctica de lactancia materna en el municipio de Cereté, 2017. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo, que empleó el método de cuestionario estructurado y validado, se seleccionó una muestra de 115 mujeres lactantes, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Residentes en barrios y asentamientos rurales del municipio de Cereté. Se utilizó técnicas de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El análisis multivariado encontró que la edad, la escolaridad, los ingresos económicos, la etnia, el acceso a la seguridad social, el estrato socioeconómico, la situación laboral y el estado civil actuaron como determinantes sociales que influyen en la suspensión temprana de la lactancia materna, las significancias de la prueba Chi cuadrado de cada una de las variables que conforman los determinantes estructurales e intermedios, muestran que en ambos grupos no existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas congruentes con la suspensión precoz de la lactancia materna en el Municipio de Cereté. Conclusiones: la decisión de las madres para alimentar a sus hijos con leche materna es influenciada por la edad principalmente en el grupo etáreo de 16 a 30 años, la escolaridad, ingresos familiares menores a un salario mínimo, estrato, la etnia, el acceso a la seguridad social, situación laboral y el estado civil, la orientación y el apoyo, actuaron como determinantes sociales estructurales e intermedios en la práctica de lactancia materna en el municipio de Cereté.
Objective: To establish the influence of social determinants in breastfeeding practice in the municipality of Cereté, 2017. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach, which used the structured and validated questionnaire method, a sample of 115 lactating women was selected, selected by non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Residents in neighborhoods and rural settlements of the municipality of Cereté. Descriptive statistics techniques were used. Results: The multivariate analysis found that age, schooling, economic income, ethnicity, access to social security, socioeconomic status, employment status and marital status acted as social determinants that influence the early suspension of Breastfeeding, the significance of the Chi-square test of each of the variables that make up the structural and intermediate determinants, show that in both groups there are no statistically significant correlations consistent with the early suspension of breastfeeding in the Municipality of Cereté. Conclusions: The decision of mothers to feed their children with breast milk is influenced by age mainly in the age group of 16 to 30 years, schooling, family income less than a minimum wage, stratum, ethnicity, access to social security, employment status and marital status, orientation and support, acted as structural and intermediate social determinants in breastfeeding practice in the municipality of Cereté.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
In this paper, we demonstrate that zinc oxide (ZnO) layers deposited by inkjet printing (IJP) can be successfully applied to the low-temperature fabrication of efficient inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). The effects of ZnO layers deposited by IJP as electron transport layer (ETL) on the performance of i-PSCs based on PTB7-Th:PC70BM active layers are investigated. The morphology of the ZnO-IJP layers was analysed by AFM, and compared to that of ZnO layers deposited by different techniques. The study shows that the morphology of the ZnO underlayer has a dramatic effect on the band structure and non-geminate recombination kinetics of the active layer deposited on top of it. Charge carrier and transient photovoltage measurements show that non-geminate recombination is governed by deep trap states in devices made from ZnO-IJP while trapping is less significant for other types of ZnO. The power conversion efficiency of the devices made from ZnO-IJP is mostly limited by their slightly lower J SC, resulting from non-optimum photon conversion efficiency in the visible part of the solar spectrum. Despite these minor limitations their J-V characteristics compare very favourably with that of devices made from ZnO layer deposited using different techniques.
ABSTRACT
Inverted organic cells are promising devices for sustainable and low-cost future electric generation. In this work, we present the degradation mechanisms studied in ITO/TiO2/PTB7:PC70BM/V2O5/Ag inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) by impedance spectroscopy (IS). Measurements were performed on encapsulated (controlled environment) and nonencapsulated (ambient condition) cells following their temporal evolution under AM1.5 illumination for several voltage biases. From the impedance spectra, analyzed in terms of resistive/capacitive equivalent circuits, we were able to identify that the most sensitive layers inside of the device are contact layers. According with presented, IS technique is useful for determining the materials that have more influence on the degradation of organic solar cells. We demonstrate that IS is a powerful technique to identify the limiting mechanisms and to establish the limiting materials inside of the iOSCs.
