Renewable-based charging in green ride-sharing.

Governments, regulatory bodies, and manufacturers are proposing plans to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), with the goal of reducing the impact of greenhouse gases and pollutants from internal combustion engines on human health and climate change. In this context, the paper considers a scenario where ride-sharing enterprises utilize a 100%-electrified fleet of vehicles, and seeks responses to the following key question: How can renewable-based EV charging be maximized without disrupting the quality of the ride-sharing services? We propose a new mechanism to promote EV charging during hours of high renewable generation, and we introduce the concept of charge request, which is issued by a power utility company. Our mechanism is inspired by a game-theoretic approach where the power utility company proposes incentives and the ride-sharing platform assigns vehicles to both ride and charge requests; the bargaining mechanism leads to prices and EV assignments that are aligned with the notion of Nash equilibria. Numerical results show that it is possible to shift the EV charging during periods of high renewable generation and adapt to intermittent generation while minimizing the impact on the quality of service. The paper also investigates how the users' willingness to ride-share affects the charging strategy and the quality of service.

Effects of a dental Spanish educational intervention among predoctoral students at a US dental school.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of an online module intended to educate dental students about Spanish terms and phrases relevant to a patient appointment. Effects investigated included perceived value of dental Spanish, confidence utilizing Spanish terms in a patient appointment, and degree of knowledge retention. METHODS: This study utilized pre- and postsurvey data collected from three classes at one US dental institution (D2-D4) via an online measure accompanying the virtual educational module. Questions assessed degree of accurate knowledge retained, level of confidence, perceived value of dental Spanish, language proficiency, and year in school. RESULTS: Predoctoral dental students in three cohorts participated in the study (97% and 87% pre/post-test response rate, respectively). Most students reported dental Spanish to be beneficial and necessary. However, the intervention did not influence students' perceived value of dental Spanish. Students who disagreed that dental Spanish was valuable performed significantly worse on the postintervention knowledge assessment when compared to those students who positively reported value of dental Spanish. The intervention significantly increased confidence levels overall regarding use of dental Spanish in a patient appointment. Significant knowledge acquisition occurred for each of the components assessed. CONCLUSION(S): A brief online educational intervention can effectively increase dental students' knowledge of and confidence utilizing Spanish terms commonly employed during a patient appointment. Perceived value of dental Spanish is high and impacts students' knowledge retention but is not affected by education alone.

Manifestaciones pulmonares de la artritis reumatoide, una revisión en tiempos de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 / no

La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una de las patologías crónicas de origen autoinmune más frecuentes. Su prevalencia varía del 0,5 al 1%, con un compromiso primario a nivel articular, generando gran discapacidad por las deformidades secundarias derivadas de un estado inflamatorio persistente. Considerando el alto impacto en la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen, sumado al alto costo de las intervenciones terapéuticas, se vuelve imperativo para el personal de salud sumar todos los esfuerzos para promover un diagnóstico temprano y reconocer las potenciales complicaciones con el fin de impactar positivamente en los desenlaces clínicos. Alrededor del 50% de los pacientes con AR pueden tener compromiso extra articular, siendo el pulmón uno de los órganos más afectados. En época de pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 es necesario recordar los tipos de compromiso pulmonar en pacientes con AR y tener en cuenta la susceptibilidad de estos pacientes a cuadros infecciosos que pueden generar una gran morbimortalidad.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most frequent chronic autoimmune pathologies. It's prevalence varies from 0.5 to 1%, with a primary involvement at the joint, generating disability due to deformities secondary to persistent inflammation. Considering the high impact on the quality of life of those who suffer it, added to the high cost of therapeutic interventions, it becomes imperative for health personnel to join forces to promote early diagnosis and recognize potential complications, in order to impact positively on clinical outcomes. Around 50% of patients with RA may have extra-articular involvement, the lung being one of the most affected organs. In times of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it's necessary to remember the types of lung involvement in patients with RA and take into account the susceptibility of these patients to infectious conditions that can generate great morbidity and mortality.

Reproductive Output, Synchrony across Depth and Influence of Source Depth in the Development of Early Life stages of Kelp.

Ecklonia radiata is the main foundation species in Australian temperate reefs, yet little has been published on its reproduction and how this may change across its depth range (1-50+ m). In this study, we examined differences in sporophyte morphology and zoospore production during a reproductive season and across four depths (7, 15, 25, and 40 m). Additionally, we examined differences in germination rate, survival, and morphological traits of gametophytes obtained from these four depths, cultured under the same light and temperature conditions. Multivariate morphology of sporophytes differed significantly between deep (~40 m) and shallow sites (7 and 15 m), but individual morphological traits were not significantly different across depths. Total spore production was similar across depths but the peak of zoospore release was observed in February at 15 m of depth (6,154 zoospores · mm-2 of tissue) and the minimum observed in January at 7, 25, and 40 m (1,141, 987, and 214 zoospores · mm-2 of tissue, respectively). The source depth of zoospores did not have an influence in the germination rate or the survival of gametophytes, and only gametophytes sourced from 40 m sites presented significantly less surface area and number of branches. Overall, these results indicate that E. radiata's reproductive performance does not change across its depth range and that kelp beds reproducing in deeper areas may contribute to the replenishment of their shallow counterparts. We propose that deep kelps may constitute a mechanism of resilience against climate change and anthropogenic disturbances.

Depth moderates loss of marine foundation species after an extreme marine heatwave: could deep temperate reefs act as a refuge?

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have been documented around the world, causing widespread mortality of numerous benthic species on shallow reefs (less than 15 m depth). Deeper habitats are hypothesized to be a potential refuge from environmental extremes, though we have little understanding of the response of deeper benthic communities to MHWs. Here, we show how increasing depth moderates the response of seaweed- and coral-dominated benthic communities to an extreme MHW across a subtropical-temperate biogeographical transition zone. Benthic community composition and key habitat-building species were characterized across three depths (15, 25 and 40 m) before and several times after the 2011 Western Australian MHW to assess resistance during and recovery after the heatwave. We found high natural variability in benthic community composition along the biogeographic transition zone and across depths with a clear shift in the composition after the MHW in shallow (15 m) sites but a lot less in deeper communities (40 m). Most importantly, key habitat-building seaweeds such as Ecklonia radiata and Syctothalia dorycarpa which had catastrophic losses on shallow reefs, remained and were less affected in deeper communities. Evidently, deep reefs have the potential to act as a refuge during MHWs for the foundation species of shallow reefs in this region.

Automatic Hierarchical Classification of Kelps Using Deep Residual Features.

Across the globe, remote image data is rapidly being collected for the assessment of benthic communities from shallow to extremely deep waters on continental slopes to the abyssal seas. Exploiting this data is presently limited by the time it takes for experts to identify organisms found in these images. With this limitation in mind, a large effort has been made globally to introduce automation and machine learning algorithms to accelerate both classification and assessment of marine benthic biota. One major issue lies with organisms that move with swell and currents, such as kelps. This paper presents an automatic hierarchical classification method local binary classification as opposed to the conventional flat classification to classify kelps in images collected by autonomous underwater vehicles. The proposed kelp classification approach exploits learned feature representations extracted from deep residual networks. We show that these generic features outperform the traditional off-the-shelf CNN features and the conventional hand-crafted features. Experiments also demonstrate that the hierarchical classification method outperforms the traditional parallel multi-class classifications by a significant margin (90.0% vs. 57.6% and 77.2% vs. 59.0%) on Benthoz15 and Rottnest datasets respectively. Furthermore, we compare different hierarchical classification approaches and experimentally show that the sibling hierarchical training approach outperforms the inclusive hierarchical approach by a significant margin. We also report an application of our proposed method to study the change in kelp cover over time for annually repeated AUV surveys.

Desempeño financiero de las empresas más innovadoras del sector real de Colombia / Financial performance of the most innovative companies of the real sector of Colombia / Desempenho financeiro das empresas mais inovadores do setor real da Colombia

Resumen Este artículo tiene como propósito examinar el desempeño financiero de veintiún empresas del sector real consideradas como las más innovadoras de Colombia al 2016. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los indicadores contables de apalancamiento financiero total, rotación de activos operacionales, margen de utilidad neta y rendimiento del patrimonio, además de los indicadores financieros de valor económico agregado y valor de mercado agregado durante el período de 2012 al 2016. Los resultados evidencian que, de las veintiún empresas estudiadas, veinte generan un rendimiento sobre el patrimonio positivo, nueve empresas generan un valor de mercado agregado positivo y solo cuatro generan un valor económico agregado positivo cada año. Igualmente se estudian los efectos que tienen el activo neto operacional, el costo de capital y la utilidad operacional antes de impuestos para la generación de valor económico agregado en la muestra de empresas. Códigos JEL: M41, O30, L60, L80.

Abstract This article is aimed at examining the financial performance of twenty-one real sector companies considered the most innovative of Colombia in 2016. For this purpose, a descriptive study was made of the accounting indicators of leverage, asset turnover ratio, net income margin and return on equity in addition to the financial indicators of economic value added and market value added during the period from 2012 to 2016. The results show that, of the twenty-one companies studied, twenty generate a positive return on equity, nine companies generate a positive market value added and only four companies generate a positive economic value added every year The effects of the net operating assets, the cost of capital and the earnings before interest and taxes for the generation of economic value added are also studied in the sample of companies. JEL Classification: M41, O30, L60, L80.

Resumo Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o desempenho financeiro das empresas do setor real vinte considerado o mais inovador da Colômbia a 2016. Um estudo descritivo de indicadores financeiros de alavancagem financeira total, o volume de ativos operacionais, foi realizada margem de lucro líquido e retorno sobre o patrimônio, além dos indicadores financeiros de valor econômico agregado e valor agregado de mercado no período de 2012 a 2016. Os resultados mostram que, das vinte e uma empresas estudadas, vinte geram retorno sobre patrimônio líquido positivo, nove empresas geram um valor agregado de mercado positivo e apenas quatro geram um valor econômico agregado positivo a cada ano. Os efeitos dos ativos operacionais líquidos, custo de capital e resultado operacional antes dos impostos para a geração de valor econômico agregado na amostra de empresas também são estudados. Classificações JEL: M41, O30, L60, L80.

Publication Incidence of Abstracts Presented at the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Meeting: 2010 to 2014.

PURPOSE: The quality of national society conferences is often indirectly assessed by the full-text publication rate of the abstracts presented. The purpose of this study was to assess the full-text journal publication rate of abstracts presented at the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons conferences from 2010 to 2014 and determine the publication plateau best suited for the analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, all presented abstracts from 2010 to 2014 were compiled using the published educational summaries and outlines from the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery website. PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted to identify full-text journal publications. The predictor was abstract type (oral vs poster), and the outcome variable was time to publication. Descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses were calculated; P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 1,053 abstracts were presented at the conferences. The full-text journal publication frequency was 34.6% (119 of 344) for oral abstracts and 26.2% (187 of 709) for posters. The incidence 24 months after presentation was 74% and 81%, respectively. A comparison of the proportions of published abstracts showed significantly higher conversion for oral presentations. The median time to publication was 12.5 months (mean, 15.7 months; range, 0 to 52 months) and 12 months (mean, 14 months; range, 0 to 53.5 months) for oral and poster abstracts, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in time to publication between the presentation types (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.5; P = .14). Within 2 years of the respective conference, only 78.4% of published abstracts (240 of 306) successfully navigated the peer-review process compared with 93.1% (285 of 306) within 3 years of the conference. CONCLUSIONS: The publication incidence of abstracts presented was higher for oral presentations; however, posters had a shorter time to publication. Of those published, a large proportion were published between 2 and 3 years after presentation, suggesting that a minimum 3-year publication plateau should be used for future analyses.

Sector autopartes en Colombia: comportamiento financiero durante el período 2008-2014

En este artículo se presenta un diagnóstico financiero de las empresas del sector de autopartes de Colombia, con el fin de conocer cómo ha sido su desempeño financiero durante el período 2008-2014. Para ello se sigue una metodología de análisis de tendencias y comparaciones de indicadores de crecimiento, eficiencia, eficacia, efectividad, valor económico agregado y valor de mercado agregado, con datos suministrados por estudios en Colombia y en Estados Unidos de América. Los resultados muestran que el sector destruye valor económico agregado en todos los años, pese a que crece y genera utilidades contables; esto obedece a que el rendimiento del activo neto operacional no alcanza a compensar el cargo de capital. Los resultados en Colombia difieren de los de este mismo sector en Estados Unidos de América, donde se crea valor de mercado agregado. Esto se debe al menor rendimiento del activo y al mayor costo de capital medio ponderado que se tiene en Colombia. El primero está altamente influenciado por la eficacia de la gestión del control de costos y gastos; y el segundo, por el efecto que tiene el riesgo país y la devaluación sobre el costo del capital propio. Es recomendable ampliar esta investigación para muestras afines en su tamaño, edad, naturaleza jurídica y ubicación geográfica de este mismo sector y de sectores semejantes y complementarios como el de ensamble y la industria automotriz.

This article presents a financial analysis of the companies of the auto parts sector of Colombia in order to know how its financial performance has been during the period 2008 to 2014. For that, a methodology of analyzing trends and comparisons of indicators of growth, efficiency effectiveness, efficacy economic value added and market value added with data supplied by studies in Colombia and the United States. The results show that this sector destroys economic value added in all years, although it grows and generates accounting profits; this is because the performance of operational net asset fails to compensate the capital charge. The results in Colombia differ from those in this same sector in the United States, where market value added is created. This is due to the lower return on assets and the higher weighted average cost of capital present in Colombia. The first is highly influenced by the effectiveness of management control costs and expenses; and the latter by the effect of country risk and devaluation on the cost of equity. It is advisable to extend this research for related samples in size, age, legal status and geographical location of this same industry and similar and complementary sectors, such as the assembly and the automotive industry.

Este artigo apresenta uma análise financeira das empresas do setor de autopeças na Colômbia, a fim de saber o que tem sido o seu desempenho financeiro no período 2008-2014 é apresentado. Isto requer uma metodologia para análise de tendências e comparações de indicadores de crescimento, eficiência, eficácia, valor econômico agregado eo valor de mercado agregado, com os dados fornecidos por estudos na Colômbia e os Estados Unidos da América continua. Os resultados mostram que a indústria destrói valor econômico agregado em cada ano, apesar da crescente e gera lucros contábeis; Isso ocorre porque o desempenho operacional do activo líquido não pode compensar o custo de capital. Os resultados na Colômbia diferem daqueles do mesmo sector nos Estados Unidos da América, em que o valor de mercado total é criado. Isto é devido ao baixo retorno sobre os ativos e maior custo médio ponderado do capital detido na Colômbia. O primeiro é altamente influenciada pela eficácia dos custos e despesas de controlo de gestão; e, segundo, pelo efeito do risco-país e desvalorização sobre o custo de capital próprio. É aconselhável para estender esta pesquisa para amostras relacionadas em tamanho, idade, natureza jurídica e localização do mesmo setor e são semelhantes e complementares como a montagem e automotivo.

El papel de los anticuerpos anti-cromatina, antiC1qy las fracciones del complemento unidas a célulasen el diagnóstico precoz de actividad lúpica / Role of Anti-chromatin, anti-C1q and cell bound complement activation products in the early diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus disease activity

Actualmente se percibe una necesidad apremiante en la identificación y validación debiomarcadores que reflejen tempranamente el inicio de actividad lúpica o que se conviertanen predictores de la misma. La actividad clínica del lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) esondulante a lo largo del tiempo y la actividad subyacente persistente lleva a daño tisular.Este daño es reflejo de cambios irreversibles en la función y estructura orgánica, por loque la prevención, más que el tratamiento, debería ser la meta de cualquier terapia enLES y así lograr disminuir la morbimortalidad y los costos directos e indirectos causadospor la enfermedad. Es necesario encontrar biomarcadores no invasivos de actividadlúpica que no solo permitan tomar de forma oportuna decisiones terapéuticas, sino quetambién se correlacionen con los desenlaces clínicos y sean útiles en los ensayos clínicos,permitiendo acortar el tiempo del desarrollo de estos estudios. Este artículo pretendebuscar la evidencia que se tiene con respecto a los nuevos biomarcadores existentes paraactividad de la enfermedad en LES y su utilidad actual y futura, enfatizando en la necesidadde buscar nuevas moléculas que permitan un diagnóstico más precoz de la actividad de laenfermedad.

There is a need for the identification and validation of biomarkers that reflect the early onset of lupus activity or may be predictors of this. The clinical activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) fluctuates over time and the underlying activity leads to persistent tissue damage. This damage is a reflection of irreversible changes in the function and organic structure, so prevention, rather than treatment, should be the goal of any therapy in SLE.This will reduce morbidity, mortality, direct and indirect costs caused by the disease. It is necessary to find biomarkers of lupus activity that not only allow making treatment decisions in the short term, but also to correlate with clinical outcomes. These could also be useful in clinical trials and may shorten the duration of these studies. This article aims to find evidence on new biomarkers for SLE disease activity, and their current and future use. Emphasis will be made on the need to find new molecules for an early diagnosis of disease activity.

Responses of four Indo-West Pacific seagrass species to shading.

Seagrasses of the Great Barrier Reef predominantly occur in coastal regions where terrestrial inputs modify water quality and photosynthetic light is highly variable. Responses to shading were tested for Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule uninervis, Thalassia hemprichii and Zostera muelleri. In aquaria, four light treatments - high (66% surface light), moderate (31%), low (14%) and very low light (1%) treatments - were applied for 102d. Stress responses in the low and very low light treatments occurred in the following sequence: metabolic and physiological changes (reduced growth, increased pigment concentrations and photosynthetic efficiency); shedding (leaf loss, shoot loss) and production of new, altered tissue (leaves with reduced length, width and thickness). Complete shoot loss was projected after 76 (Z. muelleri) to 130d (T. hemprichii). Responses were slower in the low than in the very low treatment, therefore, efforts to minimize water quality degradation will be rewarded with delayed impacts to seagrasses.

Caracterización de eventos adversos en una ESE de primer nivel en Caldas 2007-2009 / Characterization of adverse events in a first-level hospital in the department of Caldas between 2007 and 2009 / Caraterização de eventos adversos numa ESE de primeiro nivel em Caldas 2007-2009

Objetivo: caracterizar los eventos adversos presentados en una E.S.E de primer nivel en Caldas entre 2007 y 2009. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, que analizó la información obtenida de los eventos adversos (E.A) registrados en los años 2007 a 2009 en una institución de primer nivel de Caldas. Se revisó la base de datos de reporte de E.A de la institución, que contenía 112 registros; se descartaron 63 registros y se seleccionaron los que podían ser evaluados a partir de la historia clínica (49). Se les aplicó un instrumento a través del cual se identificaron variables socio-demográficas, características del evento y calidad del registro. Resultados: de los E.A registrados, 38 corresponden al sexo femenino y 11 al sexo masculino, los E.A más frecuentes fueron los obstétricos (40,8%), muerte por inatención (16,3%), los menos frecuentes fueron fallos en la seguridad (2,0%); según gravedad, 18,4% muertes; 57,1% leves y 8.2% moderados. En el 30,6% de los casos no se instauró manejo, en el 22,4% pequeña cirugía y otros manejos 20,4%. Con respecto a la calidad del registro, el 32,6% eran malos, el 44,8% regulares y el 20,4% eran de buena calidad. Conclusiones: el 100% de los eventos adversos no contaban con actas individuales de seguimiento, solo se cuenta con un acta de reporte de los eventos adversos más relevantes, pero estas no implican un seguimiento del evento, ni contienen los datos específicos de la situación ocurrida y del paciente.

Objective: to characterize the adverse events happening in a first-level hospital in the Department of Caldas between 2007 and 2009. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study was performed which analyzed the information obtained during the adverse events (AE) registered between 2007 and 2009 in a first level hospital in the Department of Caldas. An EA data report of the institution was revised which contained 112 records. 63 records were highlighted and those that could be evaluated from the medical record (49) were selected. They were applied an instrument though which social-demographic, characteristics of the event and quality of the record variables were identified. Results: from the AE recorded, 38 cases corresponded to females and 11 cases to males. The most frequent AE were obstetric events (40.8%) and death as a result of lack of attention (16.3%); the least frequent cases were failures in safety (2.0%); 18.4% were deaths depending on seriousness of disease, 57.1% were slight events and 8.2% were moderate events. In 30.6% of the cases management was not established; in 22.4% of the cases small surgery was applied and in 20.4% other procedures were applied. As far as quality of records is concerned, 32.6% were bad, 44.8% were average, and 20.4% were high quality. Conclusions: 100% of the adverse events did not have individual proceeding records. Only one report of the most relevant AE was available but it neither implies a follow up of the event nor contains specific data of the situation or the patient.

Objetivo: caracterizar o eventos adversos apresentados numa E.S.E de primeiro nível em Caldas entre 2007 e 2009. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, que analisou a informação obtida dos eventos adversos (E.A) registrados nos anos 2007 a 2009 numa instituição, de primeiro nível em Caldas. Revisou-se a base dados de reporte de E.A da instituição, que contida 112 registros; se descartaram 63 registros e se selecionaram os que pudessem ser avaliados a partir da historia clinica (49). Se lhes aplicou um instrumento a través do qual se identificaram variáveis sociodemograficas, características do evento e qualidade de registro. Resultados: dos E.A registrados, 38 correspondentes ao sexo feminino e 11 ao masculino, os E.A mais freqüentes foram os obstétricos (40,8%), morte por não receber assistência medica (16,3%), os menos freqüentes foram falha na segurança (2,0%); conforme gravidade, 18,4% mortes; 57,1% leves e 8.2% moderados. No 30,6% dos casos não se instaurou manejo, no 22,4% pequena cirurgia e outros manejos de 20,4%. Com respeito à qualidade de registro, no 32,6% eran maus, o 44,8% regulares e o 20,4% eram de boa qualidade. Conclusões: o 100% dos eventos adversos não contavam com atas individuais de seguimento, só se encontra com um ata de reporte dos eventos adversos mais relevantes, mas estas não implicam um seguimento do evento, nem contem os dados específicos da situação ocorrida e do paciente.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis. A case report.

We present an extreme case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, which corresponds to a severe form of Stevens Johnson Syndrome. This is a potentially fatal immune reaction that affects skin and mucosa, producing blisters and sloughing of the epithelium. Severe sequelae, including blindness, hearing loss, tooth malformation and esophageal destruction are seen in this case.

Valoración de las diferencias diagnósticas radiográficas entre la posición natural de la cabeza y la posición inducida por los auriculares del cefalostato en la angulación craneocervical / Valuation of the diagnostic radiographic differences between natural head position and the position and the position induced by the ear rods of the cephalostat in the craniocervical angulation

Existe una posición natural para cada paciente respondiendo a muchos factores individuales y ambientales, como los de sobrevivencia, independiente de la oclusión. El propósito de este estudio fue valorar las diferencias diagnósticas radiográficas entre la posición natural de la cabeza (PNC) y la posición inducida por los auriculares del cefalostato en la angulación craneocervical. Se evaluaron treinta pacientes, a quienes se les tomó dos radiografías cefálicas laterales, en posición natural de la cabeza y con cefalostato. Se clasificaron en los biotipos I, II y III según sus características faciales y el ángulo ANB. Se compararon las mediciones angulares entre ambas técnicas y para cada biotipo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambas técnicas de toma radiográfica para el biotipo III, mientras que en los biotipos I y II ambas técnicas mostraron resultados similares. En los sujetos con biotipo III se sugiere tomar la radiografía cefálica lateral en PNC.

Relación entre percepción de los padres sobre el tratamiento odontológico y sus hábitos de higiene oral, con la historia de caries dental en sus hijos, entre 3 y 5 años de edad / Relation between parental perception of dental treatment, oral hygiene practices with dental caries history of their children between 3 and 5 years old

Este estudio evaluó la relación existente entre la percepción de los padres sobre el tratamiento odontológico, hábitos de higiene oral de los padres y el estado de salud oral de sus hijos entre 3 y 5 años de edad, en una población de estudio de 100 niños clasificados según el índice coe-d, en 50 niños sanos (con bajo o ningún experiencia de caries) y 50 niños enfermos (con alta experiencia de caries) tomados de los Hogares Infantiles Rotarios del Municipio de Envigado y clínica CES Sabaneta. La percepción y los hábitos de higiene oral de los padres, se determinaron, mediante el uso de los cuestionarios respectivos. Los resultados indicaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los hábitos de higiene oral de los padres y el estado de salud oral de los niños mostrando padres de niños sanos clasificados con malos, regulares y buenos hábitos en un porcentaje de 10 por ciento, 68 por ciento y 22 por ciento respectivamente, mientras que con los niños enfermos se obtuvo 30 por ciento, 52 por ciento y 18 por ciento en la misma clasificación. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa, entre la percepción sobre el tratamiento odontológico de los padres y el estado de salud oral de los niños, obteniendo unos valores de percepción en padres de niños sanos de positiva, negativa e indiferente, 82 por ciento, 18 por ciento 0 por ciento respectivamente, y en padres de niños enfermos 64 por ciento, 24 por ciento y 12 por ciento respectivamente. Esto se presento al parecer por que los niños copian muchas de las actitudes de los padres, en cuanto a los hábitos de higiene oral, las cuales pueden ser transmitidos ya que las visualizan diariamente, mientras que la percepción es un rasgo interno difícil de imitar.