ABSTRACT
Resumen El Modelo de los Servicios de Salud Amigables para Adolescentes y Jóvenes (SSAAJ) corresponde a un proceso creado para garantizar que las instituciones de salud generen espacios y formas de atención integral y diferencial para la población entre 10 y 29 años, permitiendo que se garanticen los Derechos Sexuales y Derechos Reproductivos (DSDR) acorde a las necesidades y expectativas en salud que les afectan. Objetivo: indagar los conocimientos, actitudes y experiencias en DSDR en un grupo de adolescentes y jóvenes vinculados a los SSAAJ. Materiales y métodos: mediante un estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico se realizaron 13 entrevistas semiestructuradas a los adolescentes y jóvenes entre los 13 y 21 años. Resultados: en conocimientos frente a los DSDR los adolescentes hombres tienen algunas nociones sobre derechos humanos, pero desconocen los diferentes DSDR que existen, en las mujeres predomina mayor conocimiento sobre los DSDR. Las actitudes de los adolescentes frente a los DSDR son favorables una vez identifican lo que representan en el abordaje de la sexualidad, sin embargo, consideran que sus experiencias sobre el ejercicio de los DSDR se ven limitadas para su exigibilidad y garantía por el desconocimiento que tienen de ellos. Conclusiones: se encontró que los conocimientos, actitudes y experiencias de los adolescentes y jóvenes sobre los DSDR están influenciados por factores familiares y culturales que impactan sus trayectorias de vida.
Abstract The Model of Friendly Health Services for Adolescents and Young People (SSAAJ for its acronym in Spanish) corresponds to a process created to guarantee that health institutions generate spaces and forms of comprehensive and differential care for the population between 10 and 29 years of age, allowing the Sexual Rights and Reproductive Rights (DSDR for its acronym in Spanish) according to the health needs and expectations that affect them. Objective: to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and experiences in DSDR in a group of adolescents and young people linked to the SSAAJ. Materials and methods: through a qualitative study with a phenomenological design, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and young people between 13 and 21 years of age. Results: regarding knowledge about DSDR, male adolescents have some notions about human rights, but are unaware of the different DSDR that exist. In women there is more knowledge about DSDR. The attitudes of adolescents towards DSDR are favorable once they identify what they represent in the approach to sexuality. However, they consider that their experiences regarding the exercise of DSDR are limited for their enforceability and guarantee due to the lack of knowledge they have from them. Conclusions: it was found that the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of adolescents and young people about DSDR are influenced by family and cultural factors that impact their life trajectories.
Resumo O Modelo dos Serviços de Saúde Amigáveis para Adolescentes e Jovens (SSAAJ) corresponde a um processo criado para garantir que as instituições de saúde gerem espaços e formas de atenção integral e diferencial para a população entre 10 e 29 anos, permitindo que se garantam os Direitos Sexuais e Direitos Reprodutivos (DSDR) de acordo com as necessidades e expectativas em saúde que os afetam. Objetivo: indagar os conhecimentos, atitudes e experiências em DSDR em um grupo de adolescentes e jovens vinculados aos SSAAJ. Materiais e métodos: mediante um estudo qualitativo com desenho fenomenológico se realizaram 13 entrevistas semiestruturadas aos adolescentes e jovens entre os 13 e 21 anos. Resultados: em conhecimentos perante os DSDR os adolescentes homens têm algumas noções sobre direitos humanos, mas desconhecem os diferentes DSDR que existem, nas mulheres predomina maior conhecimento sobre os DSDR. As atitudes dos adolescentes frente aos DSDR são favoráveis assim que identificam o que representam na abordagem da sexualidade. No entanto, consideram que suas experiências sobre o exercício dos DSDR se veem limitadas para sua exigibilidade e garantia pelo desconhecimento que têm deles. Conclusões: Encontrou-se que os conhecimentos, atitudes e experiências dos adolescentes e jovens sobre os DSDR estão influenciados por fatores familiares e culturais que impactam suas trajetórias de vida.
ABSTRACT
Large scale unbiased quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) is time consuming, expensive, and/or limited in scope. Heterogeneous tissue types such as brain tissue have presented a further challenge to the development of automated analysis, as differing cellular morphologies result in either limited applicability or require large amounts of training tissue for machine-learning methods. Here we present the use of QuPath, a free and open source software, to quantify whole-brain sections stained with the immunohistochemical markers IBA1 and AT8, for microglia and phosphorylated tau respectively. The pixel-based method of analysis herein allows for statistical comparison of global protein expression between brains and generates heat-maps of stain intensity, visualizing stain signal across whole sections and permitting more specific investigation of regions of interest. This method is fast, automated, unbiased, and easily replicable. We compared swine brains that had undergone a closed head traumatic brain injury with brains of sham animals, and found a global increase in both microglial signal expression and phosphorylated tau. We discuss the IHC methods necessary to utilize this analysis and provide detailed instruction on the use of QuPath in the pixel-based analysis of whole-slide images.
Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Software , Animals , Brain , Immunohistochemistry , Staining and Labeling , SwineABSTRACT
The pregnant woman normally shows clinical manifestations similar to a metabolic syndrome (MS), due to her metabolic and hemodynamic adaptations in order to share nutrients with the child. If those adjustments are surpassed, a kind of pregnancy MS (PregMS) could appear, characterized by excessive insulin resistance and vascular maladaptation. Skeletal muscle (SKM) must be a protagonist in the PregMS: SKM strength and mass have been associated inversely with MS incidence in non-pregnant patients, and in pregnant women muscular activity modulates metabolic and vascular adaptations that favor better outcomes. Of note, a sedentary lifestyle affects exactly in the other way. Those effects may be explained not only by the old paradigm of SKM being a great energy consumer and store, but because it is an endocrine organ whose chronic activity or deconditioning correspondingly releases myokines modulating insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular adaptation, by direct or indirect mechanisms not well understood. In this document, we present evidence to support the concept of a PregMS and hypothesize on the role of the SKM mass, fiber types composition and myokines in its pathophysiology. Also, we discuss some exercise interventions in pregnancy as a way to test our hypotheses.
