ABSTRACT
Las autolesiones no suicidas (ALNS) son conductas autolesivas sin objetivo suicida que afecta a los adolescentes con una prevalencia del 17-18%. Se caracterizan por ser lesiones autoinflingidas, principalmente en las extremidades y el abdomen. La psicopatología está sujeta a la presencia de una desregulación emocional, en la que se busca el enmascaramiento del dolor emocional con el físico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con búsqueda en bases de datos, incluyendo palabras clave en inglés y español. Se encontró que la identificación de los factores de riesgo para ALNS en los adolescentes permite la prevención e identificación oportuna de las ALNS; por lo tanto, se propuso la clasificación de los factores de riesgo para ALNS y los instrumentos en atención primaria para su identificación. Se concluyó que el manejo de las ALNS corresponde al psiquiatra infantil y del adolescente, pero su detección y prevención es papel fundamental de los médicos de atención primaria
Non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI) are self-harm behaviours without a suicidal objective, and have a prevalence of 17-18% in adolescents. It is characterised by self-inflicted injuries, mainly in the extremities and abdomen. The psychopathology is subject to the presence of emotional deregulation, in which it seeks the masking of emotional pain with physical pain. A literature review was conducted using research in databases, including key words in English and Spanish. It was found that the identification of NSSI risk factors in adolescents helps in its prevention and identification, and as such it was proposed to classify the NSSI risk factors, as well as the tools for their identification in primary care. It was concluded that the management of NSSI corresponds to the child and adolescent psychiatrist, but primary care physicians have a fundamental role in its detection and prevention
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/prevention & control , First Aid , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI) are self-harm behaviours without a suicidal objective, and have a prevalence of 17-18% in adolescents. It is characterised by self-inflicted injuries, mainly in the extremities and abdomen. The psychopathology is subject to the presence of emotional deregulation, in which it seeks the masking of emotional pain with physical pain. A literature review was conducted using research in databases, including key words in English and Spanish. It was found that the identification of NSSI risk factors in adolescents helps in its prevention and identification, and as such it was proposed to classify the NSSI risk factors, as well as the tools for their identification in primary care. It was concluded that the management of NSSI corresponds to the child and adolescent psychiatrist, but primary care physicians have a fundamental role in its detection and prevention.
Subject(s)
Self-Injurious Behavior/diagnosis , Self-Injurious Behavior/prevention & control , Adolescent , Humans , Primary Health Care , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción: el síndrome de ovario poliquístico es un trastorno endocrino metabólico de etiología incierta, que afecta a mujeres en edad reproductiva con una prevalencia del 5-10 %, y se caracteriza por oligo o anovulación, oligomenorrea e hiperandrogenismo clínico o bioquímico. Su presentación clínica está sujeta a la presencia de una predisposición genética, sometida a diferentes influencias externas tales como la obesidad, entre otras.Objetivo: revisar la literatura disponible acerca de las diferencias fisiopatológicas entre pacientes obesas y no obesas con el síndrome. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos disponibles en Ovid, Pubmed y Medline usando las palabras clave: polycystic ovary syndrome, obese and nonobese.Resultados: aunque la resistencia la insulina no es un hallazgo universal en mujeres con el síndrome, su papel en los cambios metabólicos de estas pacientes es evidente. Hay gran variabilidad en cuanto a la sensibilidad a la insulina en cada paciente, con una respuesta ovárica androgénica variable. Se observa un aumento de los andrógenos, inhibición de la acción de la insulina y disminución de la captación de glucosa por parte del órgano blanco. También hay alteración de las lipoproteínas y del metabolismo lipídico. En las pacientes no obesas predomina una alteración del eje hipotálamo - hipófisis- ovario; mientras que en las obesas, predomina una alteración en la sensibilidad a la insulina.
Objetive: To review the literature available about the difference between obese and non obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) Background: POS is characterized by endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. The etiology of POS remains uncertain and its prevalence is 5-10 % in reproductive-age women. POS is diagnosed by the presence of oligovulation or anovulation, oligomenorrhea and hyperandrogenemia or hyperandrogenism. Clinical presentation depends on a genetic predisposition (associated with metabolic abnormalities) influenced by external factors such as obesity. Methods: Pubmed, Ovid and Medline databases were searched up using polycystic ovary syndrome, obese, nonobese as key words. Results: Insulin resistance is not a universal finding in women with POS (it is onlypresent in 60 % of them), its role in metabolic changes is evident. There is a great variability in insulin resistance levels in each patient with variable response to androgens production from ovaries. There is an increase in androgens, inhibition of insulin action and decrease in glucose uptake in the target organ. It is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities. In nonobese women with POS predominates an alteration in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis while in obese women with POS there is more marked dysregulationin insulin sensitivity. In the obese women with POS plasmatic levels of sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG) are significantly low.
