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Int J Mol Sci ; 21(17)2020 Aug 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32825343

ABSTRACT

Cytokines and immune mediators play an important role in the communication between immune cells guiding their response to infectious diseases or cancer. In this study, a comprehensive longitudinal analysis of serum cytokines and immune mediators in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients was performed. In a prospective, non-interventional, longitudinal study, blood samples from 22 HNSCC patients were taken at defined time points (TP) before, during, and every 3 months after completion of (chemo)radio)therapy (CRT/RT) until 12 months after treatment. Serum concentrations of 17 cytokines/immune mediators and High-Mobility-Group-Protein B1 (HMGB1) were measured by fluorescent bead array and ELISA. Concentrations of sFas were significantly elevated during and after CRT/RT, whereas perforin levels were significantly decreased after CRT/RT. Levels of MIP-1ß and Granzyme B differed significantly during CRT/RT by HPV status. Increased HMGB1 levels were observed at recurrence, accompanied by high levels of IL-4 and IL-10. The sFas increase and simultaneous perforin decrease may indicate an impaired immune cell function during adjuvant radiotherapy. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV+ compared to HPV- patients seem to reflect the elevated immunogenicity of HPV-positive tumors. High levels of HMGB1 and anti-inflammatory cytokines at recurrence may be interpreted as a sign of immune evasion.


Subject(s)
Cytokines/blood , Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/blood , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/virology , Aged , Chemoradiotherapy , Female , Granzymes/blood , HMGB1 Protein/blood , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood , Perforin/blood , Prospective Studies , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/therapy , fas Receptor/blood
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