Antimicrobial peptides in livestock: a review with a one health approach.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), often referred to as nature's antibiotics, are ubiquitous in living organisms, spanning from bacteria to humans. Their potency, versatility, and unique mechanisms of action have garnered significant research attention. Unlike conventional antibiotics, peptides are biodegradable, adding to their appeal as potential candidates to address bacterial resistance in livestock farming-a challenge that has been under scrutiny for decades. This issue is complex and multifactorial, influenced by a variety of components. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a comprehensive approach known as One Health, emphasizing the interconnectedness of human-animal-environment relationships in tackling such challenges. This review explores the application of AMPs in livestock farming and how they can mitigate the impact of this practice within the One Health framework.

Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding associated with oral anticoagulants.

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has shown non-inferiority compared to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in preventing atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke. The objective of this study was to assess whether LAAC reduces the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and/or chronic anaemia associated with OAC, as well as the consumption of healthcare resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective, single-center study from 2016 to 2022, LAAC was performed. Clinical, analytical and healthcare resource consumption data were collected (endoscopies, blood transfusions, hospital admissions) prior and 6 months after LAAC. RESULTS: 43 patients were included, with an average age of 77.6 years. LAAC indication was upper, low and obscure GIB in 7 (16%), 8 (19%) and 28 patients (65%) respectively. GIB source was intestinal angiodysplasias in 27 patients (63%), occult origin in 12 (28%), and others (antral vascular ectasia, portal hypertension gastropathy, etc.) in 4 patients (9%). The mean number of packed red blood cells per patient before LAAC was (mean ± SD) 7.29 ± 5 vs 0.42 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001); endoscopic procedures were 4.34 ± 2.85 vs 0.27 ± 0.76 (p < 0.001); and hospitalizations 2.67 ± 2.14 vs 0.03 ± 0.17 (p < 0.001), with a hospital stay of 21.5 ± 17.3 vs 0.09 ± 0.5 days (p < 0.001) at 6 months post-intervention. Haemoglobin value increased from 8.1 ± 1.2g/dl to 12.4 ± 2.2g/dl (p < 0.001) at 6 months. No thromboembolic events were registered during a median follow-up of 16.6 months (range 6-65). CONCLUSIONS: LAAC could be a safe and effective alternative to OAC in patients with non-valvular AF presenting significant, recurrent or potentially unresolvable GIB. This intervention also leads to important savings in the consumption of healthcare resources.

A Spitting-Cobra-Like Coronary-Pulmonary Artery Fistula in a Patient With Angina.

A 78-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and asthma was referred to her cardiologist for chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. After performing stress echocardiography, it was determined that closure of the fistula with coils was indicated. This case highlights that coronary fistula could be an unusual entity of angina, clinically improving after the occlusion procedure.

[Intraocular pressure in patients undergoing capsulotomy Nd: YAG laser].

OBJECTIVE: to demonstrate whether patients undergoing capsulotomy Nd: YAG laser developed intraocular hypertension after the procedure. METHODS: prospective, pre-experimental before and after 2 measurements with post-test in patients with posterior capsular opacity from the Ophthalmology Service. Measurements of intraocular pressure (IP) before capsulotomy Nd: YAG laser, and three hours and one week later. RESULTS: we studied 47 patients, 29.8 % were men and 70.2 % women. We compared between visual acuity before and one week later (Wilcoxon test p = 0.00). IP after three hours and one week later, comparisons with Friedman test were done (p =0. 002). We compared the IP prior and one week later (Wilcoxon test, with p =0.815). IP before and three hours later were obtained (p = 0.001) and IP three hours and one week later ( p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: we found an increase in IP in the first hours after the capsulotomy Nd: YAG laser, which decrease gradually until reaching the values presented before the procedure, in not more than a week period. It is a quick and safe procedure to treat posterior capsular opacity.

Invasive treatment performed for acute myocardial infarction in a patient with immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is infrequent in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) so the best treatment is not well known. The next case shows a 37-year-old man with chronic ITP who suffered an anterior AMI, the platelet count at admission was 39,000 microL. He was treated successfully with primary percutaneous angioplasty under anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin and antiaggregation with clopidogrel and ASA. At the end of the procedure we sealed the femoral access site with Angio-Seal(R). He didn t have any complications during the procedure and after six months remained asymptomatic. In some patients with chronic ITP and AMI the percutaneous treatment could be a good option.