ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a promising approach to the promotion of behavior change, but it remains to be established whether there is an association between the TTM approach and intradialytic exercise among patients on hemodialysis (HD) with low motivation to exercise in a real-world setting.This retrospective cohort study, conducted in a regional hospital in Japan, included adult outpatients receiving HD 3 times per week who had never participated in intradialytic pedaling exercise despite the encouragement of the HD personnel. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to HD weekday. Patients undergoing HD on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday were encouraged by the HD unit team to exercise during HD based on the TTM (exposure group) and those receiving HD on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday were encouraged to exercise as usual (control group). The primary outcome was sustained intradialytic exercise using a leg ergometer, defined as a total of 72 sessions of 30-minute pedaling exercise (duration of at least 6âmonths).Overall, 85 patients were included in the analysis (mean age: 67.1â±â11.9âyears, 22% female). Of 33 patients in the exposure group, 10 (30%) maintained intradialytic exercise, compared with 2 of 52 patients (4%) in the control group. Log-binomial regression models with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting showed a significant association between the TTM approach and sustained intradialytic exercise (adjusted risk ratio 9.23 [95% confidence interval 2.13-40.00]). There were no exercise-related cardiovascular events.Among patients with low motivation to exercise during HD, use of the TTM approach in clinical practice was associated with sustained intradialytic exercise compared with usual care.
Subject(s)
Bicycling/physiology , Counseling/methods , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis/methods , Transtheoretical Model , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bicycling/psychology , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Healthy Lifestyle , Humans , Japan , Kidney Failure, Chronic/psychology , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
: First-principles study on the electronic structure and transport property of the boron nitride sheet (BNC) structure, in which a triangular graphene flake surrounded by a hexagonal boron nitride sheet, is implemented. As the graphene flake becomes small and is more isolated by the boron nitride region, the magnetic ordering of the flake increases. When the BNC structure is connected to the graphene electrodes, the spin-polarized charge-density distribution appears only at the triangular graphene flake region, and the electronic structure of the graphene electrode is not spin polarized. First-principles transport calculation reveals that the transport property of the BNC structure is spin dependent.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the atomic and spin-electronic structure of an Al infinite single-row atomic wire (Al-ISAW). Our work is based on ab initio self-consistent field calculations within the local density approximation, and we predict structural transformations during elongation using the norm-conserving (NC) and projector augmented-wave (PAW) pseudopotentials. The results obtained by the NC pseudopotential are in good agreement with those obtained by the PAW pseudopotential. We confirm that the Al-ISAW shows a metal-insulator transition and fractures when elongated beyond the equilibrium length. Then, a wire with antiferromagnetic ordering is found to be the lowest energetically. We find that the magnitude of spin polarization in the vicinity of nuclei is marginal and does not play an important role in the Peierls instability. The present results show that the NC pseudopotential can give an accurate physical picture of the atomic and spin-electronic structures of the Al-ISAW.
