POTENCIAL ENERGÉTICO DO APROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS PROVENIENTES DE BIOTÉRIO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS

O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de biogás obtido com a biodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos sólidos provenientes de biotério. Para tanto, foram confeccionados biodigestores a partir de bombonas plásticas com capacidade máxima para 200 L, providos de gasômetro com termômetro e orifício com mangueira para eliminação do biogás. Cada biodigestor foi carregado com 8% de sólidos totais de resíduo do biotério separadamente, isto é, resíduo de: coelho, cobaia, camundongo e hamster, sendo o restante completado com água para um volume final de aproximadamente 150 L. Em paralelo, foi montado um biodigestor carregado com a mistura de todos os dejetos do biotério. A biodigestão destas misturas de resíduos sólidos e água ocorreu sob temperatura ambiente de 30 (± 5) C e temperatura interna de 33 (± 3) C. Ao término do trabalho, a produção de biogás apresentou-se satisfatória, com produção mínima de 70,95 L.Kg-1 de dejeto de hamster, sendo a produção máxima oriunda dos dejetos de camundongos com 101,51 L.Kg-1, seguida por dejetos de cobaias com 91,91 L.Kg-1 e coelhos com 85,58 L.kg-1. Assim sendo, sugere-se que o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia aparenta ser eficiente para a produção de biogás.

COMPOSTING AS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES FROM LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE FACILITIES / COMPOSTING AS ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTES FROM LABORATORY ANIMAL CARE FACILITIES

This study evaluated composting as a means of treating wastes from rabbits, guinea pigs, mice and hamsters from animal care facilities and its subsequent use for agricultural purposes. We built six compost windrows with 500kg solid wastes mixed with 221.65kg of cotton waste each, which gave a C:N ratio of nearly 30:1. Chemical, microbiological and parasitological analyses of the wastes and the composts were performed before and after treatment. Temperature and pH were measured inside the windrows throughout the experiment. The initial temperature of 28C increased to a peak of 60C and decreased to stabilization within approximately 100 days. The pH values oscillated between 6.5 and 8.0, the range indicated to assure pathogen removal and compost quality. At the end of the experiment, over 90% of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, protozoan oocysts and helminth eggs were efficiently eliminated in most of the composts. Chemical analyses detected suitable contents of macro and micronutrients and acceptable levels of heavy metals in the composts. We conclude that composting is an efficient method to treat the solid wastes produced by the studied species held in animal care facilities. It eliminates or reduces microorganism content, producing class B biosolids that can be used with restriction in agricultural practices. Keywords: Environmental pollution, waste treatment, laboratory a

[Compostagem como alternativa de tratamento de resíduos sólidos de instalações de criação de animais de laboratório]

MODIFIED TOXIN-BINDING INHIBITION (TOBI) TEST FOR QUANTIFICATION OF EPSILON ANTITOXIN IN SERUM FROM IMMUNIZED SHEEP / MODIFIED TOXIN-BINDING INHIBITION (TOBI) TEST FOR QUANTIFICATION OF EPSILON ANTITOXIN IN SERUM FROM IMMUNIZED SHEEP

This study evaluated the use of the ToBI test as a substitute for the in vivo technique of the mouse serum neutralization test to manage quality control of vaccines against clostridiosis. Serum samples with known concentrations of anti-epsilon antibodies were obtained from 3 sheep immunized with vaccine against C. perfringens type D epsilon toxoid. The main results obtained indicate correlation coefficients above 97%, corroborating literature data. The inter and intraplate coefficients of variation were low (less than 1.3%). In conclusion, the in vitro ToBI test is suitable to evaluate the potency of clostridial vaccines. However, the ToBI test must be first validated before it can replace the in vivo serum neutralization methodology used in mice. Keywords: Clostridiosis, in vitro assay, potency testing.

Toxicidade aguda dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de alecrim-pimenta, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi administrados por via intraperitoneal

This study aimed to conductpre-clinical toxicology testing to investigate the toxicity of Lippia sidoides Cham., Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville and Caryocar brasiliense Camb., by determining the 50% (LDL50) lethal dose. In the investigation of the LD50, groups of Swiss mice of the same sex were used (n=150; 30 animals per plant and all inoculated intraperitoneally with serial dilutions of the aqueous fraction obtained from the leaves of plants. After inoculation, the animals were observed along a period of 14 days in order to observe the dead, sick and survivors rate. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, the acute pre-clinical toxicology testing demonstrated toxicity equal to 0,31mg mL-1 LD50 mL-1 for all plants. The exception was for Stryphnodendron adstringens, which presented toxicity equal to a 0,25mg mL-1DL50 mL-1 and values expressed in terms of dilution. Research should be conducted to obtain data on toxicity of the plants in other ways to ensure the use in human and animal health. Therefore, the studied plants should be used with caution. They present a relatively mild toxic potential, but it may be harmful to users if they are not properly utilized.

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaio toxicológico pré-clínico inicial para investigar a toxicidade das folhas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) e barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] e do farelo da casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), por meio da determinação da dose letal 50% (DL50). Na investigação da DL50, foram utilizados grupos de camundongos Swiss de mesmo sexo (n=150, sendo 30 animais por tratamento) inoculados, por via intraperitoneal, com diluições seriadas do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de alecrim, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi. Após a inoculação, os animais foram observados por um período de 14 dias, para determinar a quantidade de mortos, doentes e sobreviventes. O estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo demonstrou, em camundongos por via intraperitoneal, toxicidade igual a 0,31mg mL-1 DL50 mL-1 para todas as plantas, exceto para o barbatimão, que apresentou toxicidade igual a 0,25mg mL-1. Pesquisas devem ser realizadas visando a obter dados de toxicidade das plantas em outras vias para assegurar o uso em saúde humana e animal.

Toxicidade aguda dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de alecrim-pimenta, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi administrados por via intraperitoneal

This study aimed to conductpre-clinical toxicology testing to investigate the toxicity of Lippia sidoides Cham., Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville and Caryocar brasiliense Camb., by determining the 50% (LDL50) lethal dose. In the investigation of the LD50, groups of Swiss mice of the same sex were used (n=150; 30 animals per plant and all inoculated intraperitoneally with serial dilutions of the aqueous fraction obtained from the leaves of plants. After inoculation, the animals were observed along a period of 14 days in order to observe the dead, sick and survivors rate. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, the acute pre-clinical toxicology testing demonstrated toxicity equal to 0,31mg mL-1 LD50 mL-1 for all plants. The exception was for Stryphnodendron adstringens, which presented toxicity equal to a 0,25mg mL-1DL50 mL-1 and values expressed in terms of dilution. Research should be conducted to obtain data on toxicity of the plants in other ways to ensure the use in human and animal health. Therefore, the studied plants should be used with caution. They present a relatively mild toxic potential, but it may be harmful to users if they are not properly utilized.

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaio toxicológico pré-clínico inicial para investigar a toxicidade das folhas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) e barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] e do farelo da casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), por meio da determinação da dose letal 50% (DL50). Na investigação da DL50, foram utilizados grupos de camundongos Swiss de mesmo sexo (n=150, sendo 30 animais por tratamento) inoculados, por via intraperitoneal, com diluições seriadas do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de alecrim, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi. Após a inoculação, os animais foram observados por um período de 14 dias, para determinar a quantidade de mortos, doentes e sobreviventes. O estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo demonstrou, em camundongos por via intraperitoneal, toxicidade igual a 0,31mg mL-1 DL50 mL-1 para todas as plantas, exceto para o barbatimão, que apresentou toxicidade igual a 0,25mg mL-1. Pesquisas devem ser realizadas visando a obter dados de toxicidade das plantas em outras vias para assegurar o uso em saúde humana e animal.

Toxicidade aguda dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de alecrim-pimenta, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi administrados por via intraperitoneal

This study aimed to conductpre-clinical toxicology testing to investigate the toxicity of Lippia sidoides Cham., Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All., Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville and Caryocar brasiliense Camb., by determining the 50% (LDL50) lethal dose. In the investigation of the LD50, groups of Swiss mice of the same sex were used (n=150; 30 animals per plant and all inoculated intraperitoneally with serial dilutions of the aqueous fraction obtained from the leaves of plants. After inoculation, the animals were observed along a period of 14 days in order to observe the dead, sick and survivors rate. In mice inoculated intraperitoneally, the acute pre-clinical toxicology testing demonstrated toxicity equal to 0,31mg mL-1 LD50 mL-1 for all plants. The exception was for Stryphnodendron adstringens, which presented toxicity equal to a 0,25mg mL-1DL50 mL-1 and values expressed in terms of dilution. Research should be conducted to obtain data on toxicity of the plants in other ways to ensure the use in human and animal health. Therefore, the studied plants should be used with caution. They present a relatively mild toxic potential, but it may be harmful to users if they are not properly utilized.

O estudo objetivou realizar ensaio toxicológico pré-clínico inicial para investigar a toxicidade das folhas de alecrim-pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham.), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) e barbatimão [Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville] e do farelo da casca de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), por meio da determinação da dose letal 50% (DL50). Na investigação da DL50, foram utilizados grupos de camundongos Swiss de mesmo sexo (n=150, sendo 30 animais por tratamento) inoculados, por via intraperitoneal, com diluições seriadas do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de alecrim, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi. Após a inoculação, os animais foram observados por um período de 14 dias, para determinar a quantidade de mortos, doentes e sobreviventes. O estudo toxicológico pré-clínico agudo demonstrou, em camundongos por via intraperitoneal, toxicidade igual a 0,31mg mL-1 DL50 mL-1 para todas as plantas, exceto para o barbatimão, que apresentou toxicidade igual a 0,25mg mL-1. Pesquisas devem ser realizadas visando a obter dados de toxicidade das plantas em outras vias para assegurar o uso em saúde humana e animal.

TEMPERATURE AND pH MONITORING IN WINDROWS FROM ANIMAL FACILITY WASTE COMPOSTING / TEMPERATURE AND pH MONITORING IN WINDROWS FROM ANIMAL FACILITY WASTE COMPOSTING

The objective of this study was to monitor temperature and pH in composting windrows constituted of rabbit, guinea pig, mouse and hamster wastes. Wastes from these laboratory animals were mixed to cotton wastes to produce 721.65 kg of composts. There were constructed 6 composting windrows and they were monitored daily for temperature and pH. Composts were watered daily until humidity level was near 55%. The compost piles were turned every 15 days. All the windrows passed through a thermophilic phase followed by a mesophilic phase, and maximum temperature was near 60C. The pH values ranged from 6 to 8 in most of the windrows. In conclusion, characteristics of the compost studied such as humidity, pH, color and absence of foul odors makes it suitable for agricultural use. Keywords: Laboratory animals, environmental pollution, waste management.

The objective of this study was to monitor temperature and pH in composting windrows constituted of rabbit, guinea pig, mouse and hamster wastes. Wastes from these laboratory animals were mixed to cotton wastes to produce 721.65 kg of composts. There were constructed 6 composting windrows and they were monitored daily for temperature and pH. Composts were watered daily until humidity level was near 55%. The compost piles were turned every 15 days. All the windrows passed through a thermophilic phase followed by a mesophilic phase, and maximum temperature was near 60C. The pH values ranged from 6 to 8 in most of the windrows. In conclusion, characteristics of the compost studied such as humidity, pH, color and absence of foul odors makes it suitable for agricultural use. Keywords: Laboratory animals, environmental pollution, waste management.