ABSTRACT
In this work, comparative analysis of processes in carbon arc and radio frequency (RF) plasma during fullerene synthesis has been presented. The kinetic model of fullerene formation developed earlier has been verified in both types of plasma reactors. The fullerene yield depended on carbon concentration, velocity of plasma flame and rotational temperature of C2 radicals predominantly. When mean rotational temperature of C2 radicals was 3000 K, the fullerene yield was the highest regardless of the type of used reactor. The zone of fullerene formation is larger significantly in RF plasma reactor compared to arc reactor.
Subject(s)
Carbon/chemistry , Fullerenes/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Crystallization , Electrochemistry/methods , Graphite/chemistry , Kinetics , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Models, Chemical , Models, Statistical , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Radio Waves , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , TemperatureABSTRACT
Non-agglutinating character of some anti-rabbit erythrocytes (RaRBC) antibodies was demonstrated. Non-agglutinating ("incomplete") antibodies were identified mainly as IgG but in some sera were detected also in IgA and IgD class using indirect Coombs test with monospecific antisera. Neutralization and separation of "complete" (IgM) antibodies were performed using 2-mercaptoethanol treatment and/or preparative immunochemical techniques. Some kind of restriction to kappa light chains and to IgG2 subclass has also been observed but monoclonal character of "incomplete" antibody was excluded. Specificity of reaction of IgG anti-RaRBC antibodies with RaRBC membrane antigens was documented using multiple adsorption-identification experiments. Non-specific (Fc-mediated) reaction was excluded in contrast to previously published results on the presence of Fc receptor on RaRBC.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Erythrocytes/immunology , Agglutination Tests , Animals , Antibodies/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Rabbits , Staphylococcal Protein A/immunologyABSTRACT
Agglutinins against rabbit erythrocytes (RaRBC) were detected in 60 investigated normal human ser in titres ranging 1:20 - 1:1280. Titres of saline anti-RaRBC were not dependent to temperature nor to the blood groups of donor sera. Saline agglutinins were identified as antibodies of IgM class based on the result of gelfiltration and absorptions on anion exchanger and SpA-Sepharose immunoadsorbent as well as on mercaptoethanol and sulfitolysis sensitivity. IgG anti-RaRBC antibodies incapable to agglutinate RaRBC in saline were detected using indirect Coombs test in the second protein peak of gelfiltration. Some characteristics of anti-RaRBC saline agglutinins were compared with human natural isohemagglutinins.