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1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 58(3): 286-293, set. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138583

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La Hipertensión Intracraneal Idiopática (HICI) es un síndrome neurológico caracterizado por un aumento de la presión intracraneal en ausencia de lesión estructural o hidrocefalia. Los síntomas incluyen cefalea, tinnitus pulsátil, oscurecimientos visuales transitorios y pérdida visual. Dentro de los signos destacan diplopía por parálisis del VI par, edema de papila y disminución de la agudeza visual. Los pacientes no tienen compromiso de conciencia ni signos neurológicos focales. La principal complicación es la pérdida visual que puede ser irreversible. La asociación entre HICI y nitrofurantoína (NTF) se reportó en 1974. Caso clínico: Mujer de 42 años, con sobrepeso, que desarrolló una HICI aproximadamente 18 meses posterior al inicio de nitrofurantoína profiláctica. Consultó por cefalea frontal, opresiva que aumentaba con la maniobra de Valsalva, asociada a disminución fluctuante de la agudeza visual y episodios de oscurecimiento. Al examen destacó edema de papila bilateral, sin déficit neurológico focal. La presión del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue de 25,5 cm de agua. La resonancia magnética mostró signos de aumento de la presión del LCR, sin lesiones estructurales ni hidrocefalia. El cuadro se recuperó concomitantemente a la suspensión de la NTF y el uso de topiramato. No se constató daño visual permanente. Conclusiones: Se debe sospechar la HICI en mujeres en edad fértil con sobrepeso. Dentro de los gatillantes del síndrome destacan varios fármacos, entre ellos la NTF. El principal objetivo del tratamiento de la HICI es preservar la función visual.


Abstract Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a space occupying lesion or hydrocephalus. The symptoms are headache, pulsatile tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, and visual loss. Signs are diplopia caused by sixth cranial nerve paresis and papilledema with its associated loss of sensory visual function. The patient maintains an alert and oriented mental state, but has no localizing neurologic findings. The only major morbidity with IIH is visual loss. The association between IIH and nitrofurantoin was reported in 1974. Case: A 42 years old female, overweighed, who developed IIH 18 months after the start of prophylactic nitrofurantoin. She had frontal oppressive headache that increased with the Valsalva maneuver, fluctuant visual loss and transient visual obscurations. She had bilateral papilledema without localizing neurologic findings. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was 25.5 cm H2O. Magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of increased CSF pressure without structural lesions or hydrocephalus. IIH recovered with the withdrawal of nitrofurantoin and the use of topiramate. There was not permanent visual loss. Conclusions: It is recommendable to suspect IIH in obese women in the childbearing years. There are several drugs associated with IIH including nitrofurantoin. The main objective of treatment is to prevent visual loss.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Paralysis , Pseudotumor Cerebri , Intracranial Pressure , Headache , Nitrofurantoin
2.
Environ Int ; 115: 387-394, 2018 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29669687

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bike-sharing systems (BSS) have been implemented in several cities around the world as policies to mitigate climate change, reduce traffic congestion, and promote physical activity. This study aims to assess the health impacts (risks and benefits) of major BSS in Europe. METHODS: We performed a health impact assessment study to quantify the health risks and benefits of car trips substitution by bikes trips (regular-bikes and/or electric-bikes) from European BSS with >2000 bikes. Four scenarios were created to estimate the annual expected number of deaths (increasing or reduced) due to physical activity, road traffic fatalities, and air pollution. A quantitative model was built using data from transport and health surveys and environmental and traffic safety records. The study population was BSS users between 18 and 64 years old. RESULTS: Twelve BSS were included in the analysis. In all scenarios and cities, the health benefits of physical activity outweighed the health risk of traffic fatalities and air pollution. It was estimated that 5.17 (95%CI: 3.11-7.01) annual deaths are avoided in the twelve BSS, with the actual level of car trip substitution, corresponding to an annual saving of 18 million of Euros. If all BSS trips replaced car trips, 73.25 deaths could be avoided each year (225 million Euros saving) in the twelve cities. CONCLUSIONS: The twelve major Bike-sharing systems in Europe provide health and economic benefits. The promotion of shifting car drivers to use BSS can significantly increase the health benefits. BSS in Europe can be used as a tool for health promotion and prevention.


Subject(s)
Bicycling/statistics & numerical data , Health Impact Assessment , Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Air Pollutants , Cities , Europe/epidemiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult
3.
J Phys Chem B ; 121(41): 9725-9736, 2017 10 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28889750

ABSTRACT

The effect of the addition of a third ion to the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4C1Im][OAc] was studied through the measurement of the enthalpy of mixing and of the excess molar volume of its mixtures with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate [C4C1Im][CF3CO2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4C1Im][NTf2], and tetrabutylphosphonium acetate [P4444][OAc]. Negative enthalpies of mixing (ΔmixH < 0) and positive excess molar volumes (VE > 0) were observed in all cases. The infrared and NMR studies of the pure ionic liquids and their mixtures show that the presence of a third ion with a weaker affinity with the common counterion contributes to prevailing the more favorable hydrogen-bond, herein always between the imidazolium cation and the acetate anion. Both radial and spatial distribution functions calculated by molecular simulation confirm this behavior. The remarkable enhancement of the viscosities of the [C4C1Im][OAc] + [P4444][OAc] mixtures could be discussed in light of the calculated friction coefficients.

4.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 62(8): 428-435, oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-141281

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. La cirugía artroscópica de rodilla es una técnica mínimamente invasiva con un dolor moderado durante las primeras 24 h. Nuestro objetivo principal ha sido determinar el valor del bloqueo ecoguiado del nervio safeno como método de control analgésico intraoperatorio y postoperatorio inmediato. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional y prospectivo. Todos los pacientes recibieron anestesia general con mascarilla laríngea. En el grupo de bloqueo safeno se realizó el bloqueo con 10 ml de ropivacaína al 0,475%. Se determinó la localización de la cirugía (grupo compartimento externo/grupo compartimento interno), el consumo de morfina, la EVA a los 5, 30, 60 y 120 min después de la cirugía y a las 24 h, la necesidad de fármaco de rescate, la aparición de náuseas y vómitos, el tiempo de estancia en la URPA, el retraso en el alta y el grado de satisfacción. Resultados. Se incluyeron 73 pacientes; en 46 la cirugía fue realizada con bloqueo safeno y en 27 sin bloqueo. El consumo de morfina intraoperatorio, postoperatorio y total fue significativamente menor en el grupo safeno, así como la EVA a las 24 h. En el subgrupo de cirugía de compartimento interno se mantuvieron las diferencias en la EVA 24 h, el consumo de morfina y el tiempo de estancia en la URPA. Conclusiones. El bloqueo ecoguiado del nervio safeno, especialmente en la cirugía artroscópica del compartimento interno de la rodilla, disminuye los requerimientos analgésicos obteniendo una mejor calidad en el control del dolor, mayoritariamente a las 24 h de la realización de la cirugía y sin ningún efecto secundario (AU)


Objectives. Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive technique with moderate pain during the first 24 h. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided saphenous nerve block as a method of pain control intraoperatively and postoperatively for this surgery. Material and methods. A prospective and observational study. All patients received general anesthesia with laryngeal mask in the saphenous group, nerve block was performed with 10 ml ropivacaine 0.475%. Location of the surgery (external compartment group/internal compartment group), morphine consumption, VAS for pain at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h after surgery, need for rescue medication, onset of nausea and vomiting, length of stay in PACU, delayed discharge and satisfaction were evaluated. Results. The study included 73 patients. Of these, 46 received saphenous nerve block and 27 didn’t receive it. Consumption of intraoperative, postoperative and total morphine was significantly lower in the saphenous group as well as VAS at 24 h. In the subgroup of internal compartment surgery differences in VAS 24 h, morphine consume and lenght of stay in PACU were mantained. Conclusions. The ultrasound-guided block of saphenous nerve, particularly in the internal compartment arthroscopic knee surgery, decreases analgesic requirements, obtaining more effective pain control in the first 24 h postoperatively and without any known side effects (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Nerve Block/instrumentation , Nerve Block/methods , Nerve Block , Analgesia/instrumentation , Ambulatory Care/methods , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/methods , Arthroscopy/instrumentation , Arthroscopy/methods , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods , Prospective Studies , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, General , Laryngeal Masks , Morphine/therapeutic use , 28599
5.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 17(66): e109-e116, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-137522

ABSTRACT

Existe una preocupación sobre el nivel de competencia coordinativa de los escolares en la Educación Secundaria Secundaria (ESO) española y su impacto en sus actividades cotidianas y en su salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la coordinación de una muestra de escolares de primero de la ESO. Participaron 120 escolares, 65 chicos y 55 chicas, de cuatro institutos de Educación Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid, de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 14 años. Todos los participantes llevaron a cabo el test de coordinación corporal (KKTK) diseñado para detectar los problemas de coordinación motriz en las edades escolares. Los resultados permitieron el establecimiento de tres grupos de coordinación: normal (38,3%), sintomático (31,35%) y problemático (30%). Estos resultados indicaron que un 61,7% de los escolares participantes en este estudio presentaban algún tipo de dificultad de coordinación, al encontrarse en los niveles sintomático y problemático. La presencia de las chicas en el nivel sintomático y problemático fue predominante. Los resultados confirman que los problemas de coordinación motriz existen en la población escolar y que no solo suponen un problema educativo sino también de salud, ya que impiden estilos de vida más activos entre los adolescentes, especialmente entre las chicas (AU)


There is concern about the level of motor coordination among Spanish secondary students and its impact on their daily activities and health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the coordination of a sample of secondary school children. The study included 120 schoolchildren, 65 boys and 55 girls of four Secondary Schools of the Community of Madrid, aged between 12 and 14 years. All participants performed the Body Coordination Test (KKTK), designed to detect motor coordination problems in schoolchildren aged 12 to 14 years. The results allowed to establish three coordinating groups: normal (38.3%) symptomatic (31.35%) and problematic (30%). These results indicated that 61.7% of the students participating in this study formed the Symptomatic and Problematic groups. Girls were predominant in the symptomatic and problematic levels. This study confirms that motor coordination problems exist among Spanish secondary schoolchildren. This is not only an education but also a health problem because it prevents more active life styles among adolescents, especially among girls (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Students/psychology , Motor Activity/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Overweight/psychology , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Life Style , Self Concept , Anxiety/psychology
6.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 62(8): 428-35, 2015 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25561423

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Arthroscopic knee surgery is a minimally invasive technique with moderate pain during the first 24h. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided saphenous nerve block as a method of pain control intraoperatively and postoperatively for this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective and observational study. All patients received general anesthesia with laryngeal mask in the saphenous group, nerve block was performed with 10 ml ropivacaine 0.475%. Location of the surgery (external compartment group/internal compartment group), morphine consumption, VAS for pain at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min and 24 h after surgery, need for rescue medication, onset of nausea and vomiting, length of stay in PACU, delayed discharge and satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 73 patients. Of these, 46 received saphenous nerve block and 27 didn't receive it. Consumption of intraoperative, postoperative and total morphine was significantly lower in the saphenous group as well as VAS at 24h. In the subgroup of internal compartment surgery differences in VAS 24 h, morphine consume and lenght of stay in PACU were mantained. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasound-guided block of saphenous nerve, particularly in the internal compartment arthroscopic knee surgery, decreases analgesic requirements, obtaining more effective pain control in the first 24 h postoperatively and without any known side effects.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures , Analgesia/methods , Arthroscopy , Femoral Nerve , Knee Joint/surgery , Nerve Block/methods , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Amides/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Intraoperative Care , Male , Menisci, Tibial/surgery , Middle Aged , Morphine/administration & dosage , Morphine/therapeutic use , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Postoperative Care , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Ropivacaine , Young Adult
7.
Food Chem ; 169: 187-96, 2015 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25236215

ABSTRACT

A chemical study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 to examine spatial and seasonal variability of red Vitis vinifera Mencía located in different geographic areas (Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Ribeiras do Sil and Ribeiras do Miño) from NW Spain. Mencía samples were analysed for phenolic, (flavan-3-ols, flavonols, anthocyanins, acids and resveratrol), nitrogen (TAC, TAN, YAN and TAS) and volatiles compounds (alcohols, C6 compounds, ethyl esters, terpenes, aldehydes, acids, lactones, volatile phenols and carbonyl compounds) by GC-MS and HPLC. Results showed that the composition of Mencía cultivar was more affected by the vintage than the geographic area. The amino acid composition was less affected by both geographic origin and vintage, showing more varietal stability. Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to experimental data showed a good separation of Mencía grape according to geographical origin and vintages. PCA also showed high correlations between the ripening ratio and C6 compounds, resveratrol and carbonyl compounds.


Subject(s)
Vitis/chemistry , Wine/analysis , Anthocyanins/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flavonols/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Geography , Phenols/analysis , Polyphenols/analysis , Resveratrol , Spain , Stilbenes/analysis
8.
Actas urol. esp ; 38(1): 41-48, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-118960

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El manuscrito de la tesis doctoral de Joaquín Albarrán de la Facultad de Medicina de París «Étude sur le Rein des Urinaires» ha sido donado a la Asociación Española de Urología. La comparación directa del material original e impreso da información del proceso de producción de esta obra maestra. Material y métodos: La comparación directa entre el trabajo original escrito a mano, un solo volumen de tapa dura con lomo de tela y papel de agua, estaba compuesta por 145 páginas numeradas y 206 páginas numeradas de nuevo de datos clínico-patológicos (37 sujetos) y experimentales (19 ensayos en 20 conejos) y el trabajo impreso editado por Georges Steinheil en 1889. Las impresiones incluían 4 láminas con 14 figuras, 9 gráficos de temperatura y 5 tablas que describen los exámenes de orina. Las figuras eran tricrómicas y los gráficos y tablas en blanco y negro. Las cromolitografías fueron producidas por el Sr. Leuba en la impresión propiedad de Lemercier et Cie, París. Resultados: El trabajo original fue terminado en 1888 sin ningún tipo de corrección o supresión. Las diferencias son notables entre el texto en el trabajo original e impreso: reordenamiento de los datos e inclusión de una nueva observación clínica, 5 nuevos experimentos, resumen y dedicatorias. Los cambios en la iconografía son notables. La obra maestra incluía 24 láminas (numeradas del 1 al 22, 13bis, 16bis) con 46 figuras (44 en color) integradas en el texto y 26 registros de temperatura a doble página que acompañan a las observaciones clínicas. Ilustraciones anatómicas, histológicas y microbiológicas, incluidos los medios de cultivo, tintes microbiológicos y preparados histobacteriológicos se representaron como acuarelas (44%), acuarelas compuestas con lápiz o tinta (52%), o dibujos a lápiz (4%). Cuatro (9%) fueron firmadas por el autor, 5 (11%) tenían anotaciones numéricas y solo 14 (30%) fueron definitivamente impresas con pérdida del componente negro y vueltas a dibujar de 4/14 (29%) imágenes. No se imprimieron las imágenes más grandes. Conclusiones: Joaquín Albarrán describió e ilustró a la perfección el papel que E. coli (pyogenic bacillus) desempeña en la infección renal, la bacteriemia, la insuficiencia renal por sepsis y la muerte del paciente. La evolución de la pielonefritis a perinefritis y absceso perinéfrico se interpretó magistralmente, describiendo por primera vez la infección ascendente y la diseminación peritubular linfática de las bacterias. Las diferencias detectadas entre el trabajo escrito e impreso son numerosas, y pueden explicarse por las correcciones del profesor Guyon antes de la presentación definitiva y por el proceso técnico para llevar a cabo las litografías


Objectives: The manuscript of the Doctoral Thesis of Joaquín Albarrán in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris "Étudesur le Rein des Urinaires" has been donated to Asociación Española de Urología. Direct comparison of the original and printed material gives information of the production process of this master work. Material and Methods: Direct comparison between the original hand-written work, a single hard bound volume covered with loin cloth and water paper composed of 145 numbered pages plus 206 newly numbered pages of clinico-pathological (37 subjects) and experimental (19 assays in 20 rabbits) data, and the printed work edited by Georges Steinheil in 1889. Prints included 4 plates with 14 figures, 9 temperature charts and 5 tables describing urine examinations. Figures were trichromic and charts and tables black & white. Chromolithographs were produced by Mr. Leuba in the printing owned by Lemercier et Cie, Paris. Results: The original work was completed in 1887 without any correction or deletion. Differences are noticeable between the text in the master and printed works: rearrangement of data and inclusion of a new clinical observation, 5 new experiments, summary and dedications. Changes in iconography are noticeable. The masterwork included 24 plates (numbered from 1 to 22, 13bis, 16bis) with 46 figures (44 colored) integrated within the text and 26 double-page temperature registries that accompany clinical observations. Anatomical, histological and microbiological illustrations, including culture media, microbiological stains and histobacteriological preparations were depicted as watercolors (44%), watercolors mixed with pencil or ink (52%) or pencil drawings (4%). Four (9%) were signed by the author, 5 (11%) had numerical annotations and only 14 (30%) were definitely printed with loss of the black component and redrawn of 4/14 (29%) images. The largest images were not printed. Conclusions: Joaquín Albarrán described and beautifully illustrated himself the role "pyogenic bacillus" (E. coli) played in renal infection, bacteriemia, renal failure sepsis and patient death. The evolution of pyelonephritis to perinephritis and perinephric abscess was masterly interpreted, with new description of ascending infection and lymphatic peritubular dissemination of bacteria. The differences detected between written and printed work are numerous and can be explained by the corrections of Prof. Guyon before definite presentation and the technical process to perform the lithographs


Subject(s)
Humans , Urology/history , Manuscript, Medical/history , History of Medicine , Academic Dissertations as Topic/history
9.
Actas Urol Esp ; 38(1): 41-8, 2014.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24210656

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The manuscript of the Doctoral Thesis of Joaquín Albarrán in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris "Étudesur le Rein des Urinaires" has been donated to Asociación Española de Urología. Direct comparison of the original and printed material gives information of the production process of this master work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Direct comparison between the original hand-written work, a single hard bound volume covered with loin cloth and water paper composed of 145 numbered pages plus 206 newly numbered pages of clinico-pathological (37 subjects) and experimental (19 assays in 20 rabbits) data, and the printed work edited by Georges Steinheil in 1889. Prints included 4 plates with 14 figures, 9 temperature charts and 5 tables describing urine examinations. Figures were trichromic and charts and tables black & white. Chromolithographs were produced by Mr. Leuba in the printing owned by Lemercier et Cie, Paris. RESULTS: The original work was completed in 1887 without any correction or deletion. Differences are noticeable between the text in the master and printed works: rearrangement of data and inclusion of a new clinical observation, 5 new experiments, summary and dedications. Changes in iconography are noticeable. The masterwork included 24 plates (numbered from 1 to 22, 13bis, 16bis) with 46 figures (44 colored) integrated within the text and 26 double-page temperature registries that accompany clinical observations. Anatomical, histological and microbiological illustrations, including culture media, microbiological stains and histobacteriological preparations were depicted as watercolors (44%), watercolors mixed with pencil or ink (52%) or pencil drawings (4%). Four (9%) were signed by the author, 5 (11%) had numerical annotations and only 14 (30%) were definitely printed with loss of the black component and redrawn of 4/14 (29%) images. The largest images were not printed. CONCLUSIONS: Joaquín Albarrán described and beautifully illustrated himself the role "pyogenic bacillus" (E. coli) played in renal infection, bacteriemia, renal failure sepsis and patient death. The evolution of pyelonephritis to perinephritis and perinephric abscess was masterly interpreted, with new description of ascending infection and lymphatic peritubular dissemination of bacteria. The differences detected between written and printed work are numerous and can be explained by the corrections of Prof. Guyon before definite presentation and the technical process to perform the lithographs.


Subject(s)
Academic Dissertations as Topic/history , Urology/history , Cuba , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Paris , Schools, Medical
12.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 13(7): 728-30, 2007 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17441974

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphism of the coagulase gene and repetitive element sequence-based PCR were used to classify 210 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered between 1997 and 2005 in two hospitals in Vigo, north-west Spain. Representative isolates belonging to the epidemic clones were analysed by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing, and the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC)mec type was determined for all isolates. The New York/Japan clone (t002-ST5-II) was detected in Spain for the first time. However, the New York/Japan and the Brazilian (t037-ST239-IIIA) clones were replaced by EMRSA-16 (t018-ST36-II), which at present is the predominant clone.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Evolution, Molecular , Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Humans , Japan/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , New York/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spain/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics
13.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(5): 245-253, mayo 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-33495

ABSTRACT

La obesidad mórbida (índice de masa corporal igual o superior a 40 kg/m2) implica un riesgo elevado de morbimortalidad y suele ser resistente al tratamiento médico. El abordaje quirúrgico puede conseguir una pérdida de peso efectiva a largo plazo, con mejoría de las comorbilidades y de la calidad de vida, pero presenta el riesgo de que se produzcan complicaciones potencialmente graves, si bien constituye una opción válida en pacientes seleccionados con criterios de inclusión en un programa multidisciplinario protocolizado. Las técnicas quirúrgicas actuales pueden ser simples (restrictivas) o complejas, asociando derivación gástrica y/o malabsorción intestinal. En general, las técnicas complejas producen mejores resultados en cuanto a pérdida de peso, pero tienen mayor riesgo de que se produzcan deficiencias nutricionales, por lo que la elección del tipo de intervención debe individualizarse en función de la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico y de las características del paciente. El seguimiento postoperatorio es imprescindible, no sólo para detectar cuanto antes la aparición de complicaciones, sino para validar los resultados de la intervención. Deben valorarse la evolución de los índices ponderales, la mejoría de comorbilidades, la calidad de vida, los parámetros nutricionales y la aparición de complicaciones. Es necesaria una educación nutricional específica para facilitar la tolerancia digestiva y conseguir una buena adherencia al tratamiento (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Gastric Bypass/methods , Biliopancreatic Diversion/methods , Obesity, Morbid/drug therapy , Patient Care Team , Dietary Supplements , Quality of Life , Patient Selection , Postoperative Complications , Comorbidity , Food and Nutrition Education
14.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 20(8): 340-346, nov. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25292

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Nos propusimos evaluar las características clínicas y la supervivencia de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca de origen isquémico o hipertensivo que requirieron ingreso hospitalario. Métodos. Analizamos las características clínicas de 229 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en clase III-IV debida a cardiopatía isquémica o hipertensión arterial (en este grupo se excluyeron los hipertensos con lesiones coronarias o manifestaciones clínicas de cardiopatía isquémica, así como los casos debidos a otras cardiopatías) que requirieron ingreso hospitalario entre el 1 de enero de 1991 y el 31 de diciembre de 1994. Su situación vital se evaluó mediante consulta o contacto telefónico en los meses de abril y mayo de 1998, con un período medio de seguimiento de 4 años. Se obtuvieron datos de 144 pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca de origen isquémico y 69 pacientes de etiología hipertensiva. La edad media del grupo total era de 70 ñ 11 años, 70 ñ 9 de los 69 pacientes incluidos en el grupo hipertenso y 69 ñ 11 años en el isquémico. Resultados. El 49 por ciento de los isquémicos era también hipertenso. El 72 por ciento de los hipertensos y el 73 por ciento de los isquémicos se encontraban en clase IV en el ingreso hospitalario. La presencia de edema (periférico y pulmonar) era significativamente más frecuente en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca hipertensiva, 49 por ciento frente al 20 por ciento; p = 0,0001, así como la existencia de cardiomegalia en radiografía de tórax: 97 por ciento frente al 84 por ciento, p = 0,01. También la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda en ECG (58 por ciento frente al 31 por ciento; p = 0,0001) y la fibrilación auricular (47 por ciento frente al 19 por ciento; p = 0,0001) eran significativamente más frecuentes en el grupo hipertenso. La disfunción sistólica de ventrículo izquierdo (FE < 50 por ciento) fue más frecuente, aunque no de forma significativa, en los pacientes que tenían cardiopatía isquémica (82 por ciento frente al 68 por ciento; p = 0,057). No se observaron diferencias en la supervivencia de ambos grupos con una supervivencia a 3 años del 58,5 por ciento y 58,6 por ciento de los pacientes incluidos en el grupo hipertenso e isquémico y a los 5 años del 47,7 por ciento y 45,9 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El grupo de pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca de etiología isquémica ingresados en nuestro hospital presenta, a largo plazo una elevada mortalidad similar a la del grupo hipertensivo, siendo la supervivencia a cinco años menor del 50 por ciento en ambos grupos (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Humans , Heart Failure/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Myocardial Ischemia/complications , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Prognosis , Myocardial Ischemia/etiology , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Disease-Free Survival , Cardiomegaly/diagnosis , Cardiomegaly/etiology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Atrial Fibrillation/etiology
16.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 39(5): 209-16, 2003 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12749803

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, clinical approach, diagnostic delay and survival for bronchogenic carcinoma (BC) in the public health area of A Coruña (Spain). PATIENTS AND METHOD: This was a retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of BC made in 1995 and 1996 in a health care area with 509,000 inhabitants. For analysis we gathered demographic, clinical and cyto-histologic data and analyzed diagnostic delay, extension of disease and time of death. Crude, age-specific and age-standardized incidences were calculated. RESULTS: BC was diagnosed in 378 patients (95% men and 5% women). The crude incidence was 37 per 100,000 inhabitants (73.7 per 100,000 men and 3 per 100,000 women) and the age-standardized incidence was 21.7 per 100,000. Diagnosis was by cyto-histology in 87% of the cases, and the most frequent biopsy finding was epidermoid carcinoma. Diagnosis was by clinical or radiologic findings for 13.7%, and patients in that group were older and had greater comorbidity. No symptoms were present in 13% and in those patients diagnosis was earlier, with non-small BC predominating and 60% treated surgically. The diagnostic delay (time from the first symptom to histologic confirmation) was 2.5 months (median, 2.1), and length of delay did not affect survival. Surgery was performed in 23% of the patients with non-small BC. The median survival was 7.1 months (5.2 months for patients who were not treated surgically, and 37.6 for those who were). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of BC in men in our study is consistent with that reported for other Spanish regions, although the incidence we observed for women is much lower. Diagnostic delay did not affect survival. The percentage of patients with surgical-stage disease is very low and survival is very short. These findings support the need for early diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Aged , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/mortality , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Humans , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Survival Rate
17.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(5): 209-216, mayo 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-22571

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia, el abordaje clínico, la demora y la supervivencia del carcinoma broncogénico (CB) en el Área Sanitaria de A Coruña. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes diagnosticados de CB durante el período de 1995-1996 en un área sanitaria de 509.000 habitantes. El estudio incluyó datos demográficos, clínicos, citohistológicos, demora diagnóstica, estudio de extensión y fecha de fallecimiento.Calculamos las tasas de incidencia brutas, específicas y estandarizadas por edad. RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron 378 pacientes (el 95 por ciento varones y el 5 por ciento mujeres). La tasa de incidencia bruta fue de 37/100.000 habitantes (73,7/100.000 para los varones y 3/100.000 para las mujeres) y la tasa estandarizada por edad, de 21,7/100.000. El diagnóstico fue citohistológico en el 87 por ciento de los casos y la estirpe más frecuente fue el carcinoma epidermoide. El diagnóstico fue clinicorradiológico en el 13,7 por ciento de los pacientes y en este grupo existía más comorbiliad y la edad era superior. El 13 por ciento de los casos estaban asintomáticos y en ellos la enfermedad se hallaba en estadios más tempranos, predominaba el carcinoma broncogénico de células no pequeñas y el tratamiento fue quirúrgico en el 60 por ciento de ellos. La demora diagnóstica (tiempo desde el primer síntoma a la confirmación histológica) fue de 2,5 meses (mediana, 2,1) y la intensidad de la demora no afectó la supervivencia. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico en el 23 por ciento de los pacientes con carcinoma broncogénico de células no pequeñas. La mediana de la supervivencia fue de 7,1 meses (5,2 meses en pacientes no operados y 37,6 en operados). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio confirma los datos de incidencia de CB de otras regiones españolas en el varón, mientras que en la mujer la incidencia observada es muy inferior. La demora diagnóstica no afectó a la supervivencia. El porcentaje de pacientes en estadios quirúrgicos es muy bajo y la supervivencia es muy corta. Estos datos apoyan la necesidad de realizar el diagnóstico en estadios tempranos (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Survival Rate , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic , Delivery of Health Care , Neoplasm Staging , Lung Neoplasms
20.
Scand J Infect Dis ; 31(2): 212-3, 1999.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10447339

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus parainfluenzae was isolated from the bile specimens of 2 patients with acute cholecystitis. The strains were genetically unrelated by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The 2 H. parainfluenzae strains represented 11.7% of all positive bile cultures inoculated in blood culture bottles. The routine inoculation of bile specimens in media able to support growth of Haemophilus species should be considered.


Subject(s)
Bile/microbiology , Cholecystitis/microbiology , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Haemophilus/isolation & purification , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Female , Haemophilus/classification , Haemophilus/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
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